Fall Detection Algorithm Based on Inertial Sensor and Hierarchical Decision

With the aging of the human body and the reduction in its physiological capacities, falls have become a huge threat to individuals’ physical and mental health, leading to serious bodily damage to the elderly and financial pressure on their families. As a result, it is vital to design a fall detection algorithm that monitors the state of human activity. This work designs a human fall detection algorithm based on hierarchical decision making. First, this work proposes a dimensionality reduction approach based on feature importance analysis (FIA), which optimizes the feature space via feature importance. This procedure reduces the dimension of features greatly and reduces the time spent by the model in the training phase. Second, this work proposes a hierarchical decision-making algorithm with an XGBoost model. The algorithm is divided into three levels. The first level uses the threshold approach to make a preliminary assessment of the data and only transfers the fall type data to the next level. The second level is an XGBoost-based classification algorithm to analyze again the type of data which remained from the first level. The third level employs a comparison method to determine the direction of the falling. Finally, the fall detection algorithm proposed in this paper has an accuracy of 98.19%, a sensitivity of 97.50%, and a specificity of 98.63%. The classification accuracy of the fall direction reaches 93.44%, and the algorithm can efficiently determine the fall direction

Structure-activity relationship, bioactivities, molecular mechanisms, and clinical application of nuciferine on inflammation-related diseases

Nuciferine aporphine alkaloid mainly exists in Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn and is a beneficial to human health, such as anti-obesity, lowering blood lipid, prevention of diabetes and cancer, closely associated with inflammation. Importantly, nuciferine may contribute to its bioactivities by exerting intense anti-inflammatory activities in multiple models. However, no review has summarized the anti-inflammatory effect of nuciferine. This review critically summarized the information regarding the structure-activity relationships of dietary nuciferine. Moreover, biological activities and clinical application on inflammation-related diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, liver, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer, as well as their potential mechanisms, involving oxidative stress, metabolic signaling, and gut microbiota has been reviewed. The current work provides a better understanding of the anti-inflammation properties of nuciferine against multiple diseases, thereby improving the utilization and application of nuciferine-containing plants across functional food and medicine

Multifunctional Oxidized Dextran Cross-Linked Alkylated Chitosan/Drug-Loaded and Silver-Doped Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Cryogel for Hemostasis of Noncompressible Wounds

Noncompressible wounds resulting from accidents and gunshots are typically associated with excessive bleeding, slow wound healing, and bacterial infection. Shape-memory cryogel presents great potential in controlling the hemorrhaging of noncompressible wounds. In this research, a shape-memory cryogel was prepared using a Schiff base reaction between alkylated chitosan (AC) and oxidized dextran (ODex) and then incorporated with a drug-laden and silver-doped mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG). Hydrophobic alkyl chains enhanced the hemostatic and antimicrobial efficiency of the chitosan, forming blood clots in the anticoagulated condition, and expanding the application scenarios of chitosan-based hemostats. The silver-doped MBG activated the endogenous coagulation pathway by releasing Ca2+ and prevented infection through the release of Ag+. In addition, the proangiogenic desferrioxamine (DFO) in the mesopores of the MBG was released gradually to promote wound healing. We demonstrated that AC/ODex/Ag-MBG DFO(AOM) cryogels exhibited excellent blood absorption capability, facilitating rapid shape recovery. It provided a higher hemostatic capacity in normal and heparin-treated rat-liver perforation-wound models than gelatin sponges and gauze. The AOM gels simultaneously promoted infiltration, angiogenesis, and tissue integration of liver parenchymal cells. Furthermore, the composite cryogel exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Thus, AOM gels show great promise for clinical translation in treating lethal, noncompressible bleeding and the promotion of wound healing

Short-term safety of inactivated SARS-Cov-2 vaccines in Chinese patients with central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating diseases

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the short-term safety of inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines in Chinese patients with central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating diseases (CNS IDDs). Methods: A web-based survey was conducted among patients with CNS IDDs from April 15 to 19, 2022 in China. In total, 645 patients with CNS IDDs were identified, including 425 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), 194 with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and 26 with other CNS IDDs. The questionnaire consisted of demographic data, clinical records, history of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and vaccination-related symptoms within one month after vaccination. The demographic data, clinical information, and relapse rates between vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients were compared. Results: Among 645 patients with CNS IDDs, 78 were vaccinated and 567 were non-vaccinated with the vaccination rate of 12.1 %. Compared to non-vaccinated group, a lower percentage of patients on DMDs therapy (41.0 % vs. 71.8 %, P < 0.001) and an increased proportion of patients with other vaccination in past 3 years (17.9 % vs. 4.8 %, P < 0.001) were observed in vaccinated group. Six patients experienced a relapse within 30 days of a vaccination. Additionally, vaccine-associated relapse rates in vaccinated patients did not significantly differ from these in non-vaccinated patients among 2020, 2021, and from January 1 to October 1, 2022. Conclusions: No increased risk of vaccination-associated relapses among Chinese patients with CNS IDDs indicated that inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines appear to be safe for this population

T Follicular Helper-Like Cells Are Involved in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) have been proved to be T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. Recent researches indicate that humoral immunity is also involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are critical for B cell differentiation and antibody production. However, the role of Tfh cells in MS and EAE remains unclear. Here, we found elevated frequencies of CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+ Tfh-like cells in both MS patients and EAE. In EAE mice, Tfh-like cells, together with B cells, were found in the ectopic lymphoid structures in spinal cords. Moreover, Tfh-like cells promoted the antibody production via IL-21/IL-21R and CD40 ligand/CD40 interaction and the synergy effect of STAT3 and non-canonical NF-κB signaling pathway inside B cells. Moreover, adoptive transfer of Tfh-like cells could increase the severity and delay the remission of EAE. In conclusion, our data indicate that Tfh-like cells contribute to the pathogenesis of EAE

Near-Infrared Luminescent PMMA-Supported Metallopolymers Based on Zn–Nd Schiff-Base Complexes

On the basis of self-assembly from the divinylphenyl-modified Salen-type Schiff-base ligands <b>H</b>_<b>2</b><b>L</b>^<b>1</b> (<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-bis­(5-(3′-vinylphenyl)-3-methoxy-salicylidene)­ethylene-1,2-diamine) or <b>H</b>_<b>2</b><b>L</b>^<b>2</b> (<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-bis­(5-(3′-vinylphenyl)-3-methoxy-salicylidene)­phenylene-1,2-diamine) with Zn­(OAc)₂·2H₂O and Ln­(NO₃)₃·6H₂O in the presence of pyridine (Py), two series of heterobinuclear Zn–Ln complexes [Zn­(L^<i>n</i>)­(Py)­Ln­(NO₃)₃] (<i>n</i> = 1, Ln = La, <b>1</b>; Ln = Nd, <b>2</b>; or Ln = Gd, <b>3</b> and <i>n</i> = 2, Ln = La, <b>4</b>; Ln = Nd, <b>5</b>; or Ln = Gd, <b>6</b>) are obtained, respectively. Further, through the physical doping and the controlled copolymerization with methyl methacrylate (MMA), two kinds of PMMA-supported hybrid materials, doped <b>PMMA/[Zn­(L</b>^{<b><i>n</i></b>}<b>)­(Py)­Ln­(NO</b>_<b>3</b><b>)</b>_<b>3</b><b>]</b> and Wolf Type II Zn²⁺–Ln³⁺-containing metallopolymers <b>Poly­(MMA-<i>co</i>-[Zn­(L</b>^{<b><i>n</i></b>}<b>)­(Py)­Ln­(NO</b>_<b>3</b><b>)</b>_<b>3</b><b>])</b>, are obtained, respectively. The result of their solid photophysical properties shows the strong and characteristic near-infrared (NIR) luminescent Nd³⁺-centered emissions for both <b>PMMA/[Zn­(L</b>^{<b><i>n</i></b>}<b>)­(Py)­Nd­(NO</b>_<b>3</b><b>)</b>_<b>3</b><b>]</b> and <b>Poly­(MMA-<i>co</i>-[Zn­(L</b>^{<b><i>n</i></b>}<b>)­(Py)­Nd­(NO</b>_<b>3</b><b>)</b>_<b>3</b><b>])</b>, where ethylene-linked hybrid materials endow relatively higher intrinsic quantum yields due to the sensitization from both ¹LC and ³LC of the chromorphore than those from only ¹LC in phenylene-linked hybrid materials, and the concentration self-quenching of Nd³⁺-based NIR luminescence could be effectively prevented for the copolymerized hybrid materials in comparison with the doped hybrid materials

Data_Sheet_1_T Follicular Helper-Like Cells Are Involved in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.docx

<p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) have been proved to be T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. Recent researches indicate that humoral immunity is also involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are critical for B cell differentiation and antibody production. However, the role of Tfh cells in MS and EAE remains unclear. Here, we found elevated frequencies of CD4⁺CXCR5⁺PD-1⁺ Tfh-like cells in both MS patients and EAE. In EAE mice, Tfh-like cells, together with B cells, were found in the ectopic lymphoid structures in spinal cords. Moreover, Tfh-like cells promoted the antibody production via IL-21/IL-21R and CD40 ligand/CD40 interaction and the synergy effect of STAT3 and non-canonical NF-κB signaling pathway inside B cells. Moreover, adoptive transfer of Tfh-like cells could increase the severity and delay the remission of EAE. In conclusion, our data indicate that Tfh-like cells contribute to the pathogenesis of EAE.</p