984 research outputs found
Magnetic resonance imaging of glutamate in neuroinflammation
AbstractInflammation in central nervous system (CNS) is one of the most severe diseases, and also plays an impellent role in some neurodegenerative diseases. Glutamate (Glu) has been considered relevant to the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation. In order to diagnose neuroinflammation incipiently and precisely, we review the pathobiological events in the early stages of neuroinflammation, the interactions between Glu and neuroinflammation, and two kinds of magnetic resonance techniques of imaging Glu (chemical exchange saturation transfer and magnetic resonance spectroscopy)
Quantum Capacitance Extraction for Carbon Nanotube Interconnects
Electrical transport in metallic carbon nanotubes, especially the ones with diameters of the order of a few nanometers can be best described using the Tomanaga Luttinger liquid (TL) model. Recently, the TL model has been used to create a convenient transmission line like phenomenological model for carbon nanotubes. In this paper, we have characterized metallic nanotubes based on that model, quantifying the quantum capacitances of individual metallic single walled carbon nanotubes and crystalline bundles of single walled tubes of different diameters. Our calculations show that the quantum capacitances for both individual tubes and the bundles show a weak dependence on the diameters of their constituent tubes. The nanotube bundles exhibit a significantly large quantum capacitance due to enhancement of density of states at the Fermi level
Higgs Boson Decay into Hadronic Jets
The remarkable agreement of electroweak data with standard model (SM)
predictions motivates the study of extensions of the SM in which the Higgs
boson is light and couples in a standard way to the weak gauge bosons.
Postulated new light particles should have small couplings to the gauge bosons.
Within this context it is natural to assume that the branching fractions of the
light SM-like Higgs boson mimic those in the standard model. This assumption
may be unwarranted, however, if there are non-standard light particles coupled
weakly to the gauge bosons but strongly to the Higgs field. In particular, the
Higgs boson may effectively decay into hadronic jets, possibly without
important bottom or charm flavor content. As an example, we present a simple
extension of the SM, in which the predominant decay of the Higgs boson occurs
into a pair of light bottom squarks that, in turn, manifest themselves as
hadronic jets. Discovery of the Higgs boson remains possible at an
electron-positron linear collider, but prospects at hadron colliders are
diminished substantially.Comment: 30 pages, 7 figure
Doping and temperature dependence of incommensurate antiferromagnetism in underdoped lanthanum cuprates
The doping, temperature and energy dependence of the dynamical spin structure
factors of the underdoped lanthanum cuprates in the normal state is studied
within the t-J model using the fermion-spin transformation technique.
Incommensurate peaks are found at ,
at relatively low temperatures with linearly
increasing with doping at the beginning and then saturating at higher dopings.
These peaks broaden and weaken in amplitude with temperature and energy, in
good agreement with experiments. The theory also predicts a rotation of these
peaks by at even higher temperatures, being shifted to .Comment: 11 pages, PDF file, six figures are included, accepted for
publication in Physical Review
Infinitesimal incommensurate stripe phase in an axial next-nearest-neighbor Ising model in two dimensions
An axial next-nearest-neighbor Ising (ANNNI) model is studied by using the
non-equilibrium relaxation method. We find that the incommensurate stripe phase
between the ordered phase and the paramagnetic phase is negligibly narrow or
may vanish in the thermodynamic limit. The phase transition is the second-order
transition if approached from the ordered phase, and it is of the
Kosterlitz-Thouless type if approached from the paramagnetic phase. Both
transition temperatures coincide with each other within the numerical errors.
The incommensurate phase which has been observed previously is a paramagnetic
phase with a very long correlation length (typically ). We could
resolve this phase by treating very large systems (),
which is first made possible by employing the present method.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures. To appear in Phys.Rev.
Science Development
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68479/2/10.1177_107554708500600404.pd
UHECR as Decay Products of Heavy Relics? The Lifetime Problem
The essential features underlying the top-down scenarii for UHECR are
discussed, namely, the stability (or lifetime) imposed to the heavy objects
(particles) whatever they be: topological and non-topological solitons,
X-particles, cosmic defects, microscopic black-holes, fundamental strings. We
provide an unified formula for the quantum decay rate of all these objects as
well as the particle decays in the standard model. The key point in the
top-down scenarii is the necessity to adjust the lifetime of the heavy object
to the age of the universe. This ad-hoc requirement needs a very high
dimensional operator to govern its decay and/or an extremely small coupling
constant. The natural lifetimes of such heavy objects are, however, microscopic
times associated to the GUT energy scale (sim 10^{-28} sec. or shorter). It is
at this energy scale (by the end of inflation) where they could have been
abundantly formed in the early universe and it seems natural that they decayed
shortly after being formed.Comment: 11 pages, LaTex, no figures, updated versio
Spin dynamics of stripes
The spin dynamics of stripes in high-temperature superconductors and related
compounds is studied in the framework of a spin-wave theory for a simple
spin-only model. The magnon dispersion relation and the magnetic structure
factor are calculated for diagonal and vertical stripes. Acoustical as well as
optical bands are included in the analysis. The incommensurability and the
resonance appear as complementary features of the band structure at
different energy scales. The dependence of spin-wave velocities and resonance
frequencies on the stripe spacing and coupling is calculated. At low doping,
the resonance frequency is found to scale roughly inversely proportional to the
stripe spacing. The favorable comparison of the results with experimental data
suggests that the spin-only model provides a suitable and simple basis for
calculating and understanding the spin dynamics of stripes.Comment: 11 page, 10 figures, pdf version with high-res.pics at
http://www.thp.uni-koeln.de/~sts
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