Examining Antenatal Health Literacy in Ghana

Purpose To explore Ghanaian pregnant women's understanding and recognition of danger signs in pregnancy, birth preparedness and complication readiness, and their understanding of newborn care. Design An exploratory, qualitative study design was used. Methods Data were gathered through six focus group discussions with 68 pregnant women attending antenatal care at a busy urban hospital in Ghana. Qualitative and descriptive data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Health literacy was used as the guiding framework to analyze the qualitative data. Data were analyzed in the content domains of (a) understanding and recognition of danger signs in pregnancy, (b) preparedness for childbirth, (c) understanding and recognition of danger signs in the newborn, and (d) appropriate and timely referral. Findings Women in this study identified danger signs of pregnancy and in the newborn, but had difficulty interpreting and operationalizing information they received during antenatal care visits, indicating that health education did not translate to appropriate health behaviors. Cultural beliefs in alternative medicine, lack of understanding, and prior negative encounters with healthcare professionals may have led to underutilization of professional midwives for delivery and health services. Conclusions Women in this study exhibited low health literacy by incorrectly interpreting and operationalizing health education received during antenatal care. With limited health literacy, pregnant women cannot fully comprehend the scope of services that a health system can provide for them and their families. Clinical Relevance Achieving the greatest impact with limited time in antenatal care is a challenge. Since antenatal care is widely available to pregnant women in Ghana, it is vital to reexamine the way antenatal education is delivered. Pregnant women must receive health information that is accurate and easy to understand in order to make informed health choices that will improve maternal and child health.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109308/1/jnu12094.pd

Current state of screening highâ ACE youth and emerging adults in primary care

Background and purposeTrauma comes in many forms, including interpersonal, community, and institutional trauma. The adverse childhood event (ACE) studies demonstrated that adverse experiences in childhood can have a profound, cumulative impact on the course of health and development over a lifetime. It is critical for healthcare providers, such as nurse practitioners (NPs), working in primary care to screen adolescents and emerging adults for a history of ACEs and trauma. A review of current assessment tools used in assessing this population in health settings is needed to determine how screening for ACEs is being performed.ConclusionsClinically efficient tools for screening and assessment of highâ ACE youth in primary care settings are lacking.  Developing a process to assess ACEs, risk behaviors, and physical and mental health status that is efficient to use during a time limited clinical visit is an important step in providing holistic care to a challenging population.Implications for practicePrimary care NPs are in the perfect position to implement assessments of ACEs through traumaâ informed nursing care. ACE assessment in clinical practice will provide vital information to guide the development of tailored interventions for reducing risk behaviors and mitigate the longâ term impacts of ACEs.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141423/1/jaan12531_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141423/2/jaan12531.pd

African American Women and Prenatal Care

Poznato je da se proces plitkog gravurnog kovanja može uvrstiti u skupinu procesa mikro oblikovanja deformiranjem. Kod takvih procesa mikrostruktura i red veličine geometrije gravure imaju značajan utjecaj na mehanizam deformiranja te se mikro procesi fundamentalno razlikuju od klasičnih procesa oblikovanja. Zbog toga je potrebno odrediti utjecaj efekta veličine na silu kovanja i pomak alata kod procesa plitkog gravurnog kovanja. U tu svrhu istražen je utjecaj veličine kristalnog zrna materijala na elastični povrat materijala nakon prestanka djelovanja sile oblikovanja, popunjavanje gravure i silu kovanja otkovaka materijala. Materijal sirovaca (rondela) je 99,5% aluminij i koristi se gravura relativno složene geometrije. Predloženi model plitkog gravurnog kovanja uzima u obzir utjecaj efekata veličine na naprezanje plastičnog tečenja preko geometrije gravure te daje procjenu konačne sile kovanja i pripadajućeg pomaka alata. Time je omogućen kontroliran utjecaj veličine kristalnog zrna na silu kovanja i pomak alata, kao i pouzdana predikacija konačne sile kovanja i pomaka alata kod kojeg se postiže potpuno popunjavanje gravurne šupljine.It is known that the coining process can be categorised as a micro forming process. In micro forming processes, the microstructure of the material and dimension scale of the forged geometry can have a substantial influence on the mechanism of material deformation. That is the essential difference between macro and micro forming processes. Influence of the grain size on the elastic springback of the material, filling of the die and the forging force in process of coining will be investigated in this study. The material of the billet is 99.5% aluminium and the die geometry is relatively complex. The presented model takes into account the influence of size effect on the material flow curve through engraving geometry and estimates the final forging force and corresponding associated displacement of the tool. This enables a controlled influence of the grain size on forming force and tool displacement and also a reliable prediction of final forging force and related tool displacement associated with a completely filled engraving cavity