Frequency of fatigue and its changes in the first 6 months after traumatic brain injury: results from the CENTER-TBI study

Background: Fatigue is one of the most commonly reported subjective symptoms following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aims were to assess frequency of fatigue over the first 6 months after TBI, and examine whether fatigue changes could be predicted by demographic characteristics, injury severity and comorbidities. Methods: Patients with acute TBI admitted to 65 trauma centers were enrolled in the study Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in TBI (CENTER-TBI). Subj

Prognostic value of CXCL16 in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure

No abstract available

Electrochemically Generated Copper Carbonyl for Selective Dimethyl Carbonate Synthesis

\u3cp\u3eDevelopment of electrochemical synthesis routes for high-value chemicals could pave the way for a sustainable chemical industry based on electricity. Herein, the electrochemical synthesis of the industrially relevant and environmentally benign reagent, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), is investigated. By utilizing a combination of electrochemical techniques, in situ infrared spectroscopy, and headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry we show production and spectroelectrochemical evidence for the synthesis of DMC via an electrochemically generated copper carbonyl species. The formation of the copper carbonyl has close to 100% current efficiency, in the applied potential range of 0.1-0.4 V vs SCE. Subsequent formation of DMC occurs with a slow reaction time on the order of 30-40 days. Relative to potential coproducts, the reaction is highly selective for DMC. Optimization of the reaction may lead to a viable method of DMC production.\u3c/p\u3

Object-oriented specification and open distributed systems

Abstract An object-oriented approach to program specification and verification was developed by Ole-Johan Dahl with the long-term Abel project. Essential here was the idea of reasoning about an object in terms of its observable behavior, where the specification of an object’s present behavior is given by means of its past interactions with the environment. In this paper, we review some of the ideas behind this approach and show how they can be fruitfully extended for reasoning about black-box components in open object-oriented distributed systems.