ETHNO BOTANICAL STUDY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS USED BY TRADITIONAL HEALERS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN SANKHUWASABHA, NEPAL

Objective: To collect and document information of anti-diabetic plants traditionally used in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus in Sankhuwasabha district of Nepal as ethno medicines are important part of treatment in this area and such information are considered as valuable sources of information to find new potential drugs.Methods: Direct observation and interview method with 46 traditional healers along with gathering herbarium specimens mentioned plants in site.Results: There were 40 medicinal plants from 30 families for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. The family with most plant was Fabaceae 5 (16.67 %). Herbal medicines are often used in the form of decoction (45%) and dried powder (33%). It was found that Momordica charantia Linn. (42.5%) and Syzygium jambos Lam. (40%) were two most frequently used plants among traditional healers for the treatment of Diabetes.Conclusions: Based on the current findings many of the mentioned plants could have potential active ingredients to influence Diabetes Mellitus and could provide preliminary data for further phytochemical investigations which could possibly lead in the development of novel drugs with little or no side effects and transferring it to future generation. Furthermore, such practical ethno botanical knowledge which is generated based on their intimate experience accumulated over many generations could be helpful in rescuing disappearing knowledge and invention of new drugs of many diseases.

Local impurity effects in superconducting graphene

We study the effect of impurities in superconducting graphene and discuss their influence on the local electronic properties. In particular, we consider the case of magnetic and non-magnetic impurities being either strongly localized or acting as a potential averaged over one unit cell. The spin dependent local density of states is calculated and possibilities for visualizing impurities by means of scanning tunneling experiments is pointed out. A possibility of identifying magnetic scatters even by non spin-polarized scanning tunneling spectroscopy is explained.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Impurity assisted nanoscale localization of plasmonic excitations in graphene

The plasmon modes of pristine and impurity doped graphene are calculated, using a real-space theory which determines the non-local dielectric response within the random phase approximation. A full diagonalization of the polarization operator is performed, allowing the extraction of all its poles. It is demonstrated how impurities induce the formation of localized modes which are absent in pristine graphene. The dependence of the spatial modulations over few lattice sites and frequencies of the localized plasmons on the electronic filling and impurity strength is discussed. Furthermore, it is shown that the chemical potential and impurity strength can be tuned to control target features of the localized modes. These predictions can be tested by scanning tunneling microscopy experiments.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Incommensurate spin resonance in URu2Si2

We focus on inelastic neutron scattering in $URu_2Si_2$ and argue that observed gap in the fermion spectrum naturally leads to the spin feature observed at energies $\omega_{res} = 4-6 meV$ at momenta at \bQ^* = (1\pm 0.4, 0,0). We discuss how spin features seen in $URu_2Si_2$ can indeed be thought of in terms of {\em spin resonance} that develops in HO state and is {\em not related} to superconducting transition at 1.5K. In our analysis we assume that the HO gap is due to a particle-hole condensate that connects nested parts of the Fermi surface with nesting vector $\bf{Q}^*$. Within this approach we can predicted the behavior of the spin susceptibility at \bQ^* and find it to be is strikingly similar to the phenomenology of resonance peaks in high-T$_c$ and heavy fermion superconductors. The energy of the resonance peak scales with $T_{HO}$ $\omega_{res} \simeq 4 k_BT_{HO}$. We discuss observable consequences spin resonance will have on neutron scattering and local density of states.Comment: 8 pgaes latex, 4 fig