SOME FACTORS AFFECTING INTENSIVE REARING ADOPTION ON BEEF CATTLE FARMERS IN WAJO REGENCY, SOUTH SULAWESI PROVINCE

Land use conflict among agriculture and animal husbandry caused beef cattle must be keptintensively. The objective of this research was to identify adoption level of beef cattle intensive rearingand some factors that affecting farmers adoption. Research design was survey with 90 respondents froma total of 578 farmers. Data were obtained through interview and observations using questionnare withclose question. The data were analyzed with multiple regression models. The level of intensive rearingadoption (dependent variable) was measured based on housing system, feeding, reproduction, healthmanagement and feces utilization. While, independent variables were based on the intensity ofextension, relative adventage, subjective norm, control of behavior, attitude, age, land area and scale ofbusiness. Level of housing system, feeding, reproduction and health management were in the medium level (average >50% of farmers), while feces utilization was in the lowest level. Factors that positivelyaffected farmer adoption in Wajo regency were the ability of the farmers to control their behavior(p<0.01), farmer position in social community or subjective norm and relative adventage weresignificant with p<0.05. Another case with contact to the extension, age, attitude, land area and scale ofbusiness were no significant affected farmers adoption. To enforce adoption of intensive rearingtechnology, extension program should be developed to influence farmers psychology such profit level ofintensive rearing and convenience on cattle handling

KERAGAMAN GEN PITUITARY TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (PIT-1 LOKUS PSTI) PADA POPULASI KAMBING LOKAL DI PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN

Salah satu kandidat gen yang diyakini memiliki peranan penting dalam proses pertumbuhan ternak adalah gen pituitary transcription factor 1 (Pit-1). Ekspresi gen Pit-1 sangat penting untuk beberapa proses regulasi pertumbuhan dalam tubuh ternak seperti kemampuan survival normal, differensiasi dan perkembangan tiga tipe sel adenohypophysis yakni somatotrop, laktotrop dan thyrotrop. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman gen Pit-1 pada populasi kambing lokal yang ada di Sulawesi Selatan. Total 72 sampel kambing yang terbagi atas kambing Marica, Kacang dan Peranakan Ettawa (PE) yang dikoleksi dari tiga lokasi yakni Kabupaten Jeneponto, Maros dan kota Makassar. Adapun metode yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman genetik gen Pit-1 dengan menggunakan teknik PCR-RFLP dengan enzim restriki PstI. Frekuensi gen dan alel, heterosigositas dan kesetimbangan Hardy Weinberg pada lokus Pit-1|PstI dihitung dengan menggunakan software PopGen32 ver 1.3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada lokus Pit-1|PstI diidentifikasi dua alel dari hasil pemotongan situs enzim restriksi PstI yang menghasilkan dua fragmen potongan DNA dengan panjang 370 pb dan 80 pb dari panjang produk PCR awal sekitar 450 pb, alel T yang tidak terpotong (450 pb), sedangkan alel C adalah fragmen produk PCR yang terpotong oleh enzim (370 dan 80 pb). Alel T merupakan alel yang paling umum dengan frekuensi di total populasi sebesar 0.76 sedangkan alel C hanya sekitar 0.24. Sebaran alel pada populasi kambing Marica yang paling umum adalah alel T (0.95) sedangkan alel C adalah alel langka dengan frekuensi (0.05), sedangkan pada populasi Kacang dan PE frekuensi alel T masing masing adalah 0.71 dan 0.67 dan alel C masing-masing 0.29 dan 0.33. Variasi genetik yang ditemukan pada gen Pit-1 lokus PstI dapat digunakan dalam penelitian selanjutnya untuk mencari hubungan keragaman tersebut dengan sifat pertumbuhan dan kualitas karkas pada kambing lokal

Y-chromosomal haplogroups from wild and domestic goats reveal ancient migrations and recent introgressions

By its paternal transmission, Y-chromosomal haplotypes are sensitive markers of population history and male-mediated introgression. We used whole-genome sequences (WGSs) of 386 domestic goats from 75 modern breeds and 7 wild goat species generated by the VarGoats goat genome project. Phylogenetic analyses indicated five domestic haplogroups Y1AA, Y1AB, Y1B, Y2A and Y2B. Haplogroup distributions for 180 domestic breeds indicate ancient paternal population bottlenecks during the migration into northern Europe, southern Asia and Africa. Sharing of haplogroups reveals male-mediated introgressions: from Asia into Madagascar and, more recently, into the South-African Boer goat; then from this breed into other southeastern African goats; and from Europe into native Korean and Ugandan goats. This study illustrates the power of the Y-chromosomal variation for the reconstructing the history of domestic species with a wide geographic range