Effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on corneal neovascularization in rats

WOS: 000174375200009PubMed ID: 11852431Purpose. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a biologically active component of propolis from honeybee hives, has potent antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties. We aimed to evaluate the ability of topically applied CAPE in comparison with known steroidal (dexamethasone sodium phosphate) and nonsteroidal (indomethacin) topical agents to reduce corneal neovascularization (CNV) induced by silver nitrate cauterization in rats. Methods. Following silver nitrate cauterization on both eyes, male rats were randomly assigned to the study and control groups, each consisting of ten rats. The inhibitory effects of the test drugs against a placebo (isotonic saline) on CNV were tested and compared to each other using a previously described method in which extent of neovascularization and burn stimulus intensity were scored by a masked examiner. Briefly, burn stimulus intensity was scored from 0 to + 3 according to the height of blister from corneal surface, and extent of neovascularization was recorded from 0 to + 6 according to the distance from limbus to the end point of CNV toward the central corneal burn. Results. The mean burn stimulus score were not different among the groups (P=0.807). Percent inhibition of CNV compared to the placebo control and its significance were 31.5%, P=0.011 for indomethacin; 56%, P0.05) dexamethasone in reducing CNV. Conclusion. Topically applied CAPE was demonstrated to have an inhibitory effect, comparable to that of topical dexamethasone, on CNV in this rat model. Antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties of CAPE may contribute to its suppression on CNV

Allopurinol's effect on caspase-3 and caspase-8 activity in hypoxic-ischemic newborn rats [Allopürinolün hipoksik-iskemik beyin hasarı oluşturulan yenidogan sıçanlarda kaspaz-3 ve kaspaz-8 aktivitesi üzerine etkisi]

Aim: During reperfusion period of hypoxia-ischemia, cyclooxygenase and xanthine oxidase pathways are induced. A xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol has been shown to be neuroprotective in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Caspase-8 and caspase-3 have a key role in neuronal apoptosis. We aimed to test repeated doses of allopurinol's effect on caspase-3 and caspase-8 activities in newborn rats with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Material and Method: Seven days old newborn rats were taken and there were 10 rats in each group. After Ethical Committee was approved (TIBDAM-25), rats were subjected to left carotid artery ligation and hypoxia (8% oxygen and 92% nitrogen) for two and half hours. Hypoxic ischemic rats treated with 24 mg/kg allopurinol 30 minutes and 12 hours (AL48 group), and 30 minutes, 12 and 24 hours (AL72 group) after hypoxic- ischemic insult. Twenty four hours after last dose, rats were decapitated. The others groups were sham and saline-treated hypoxic- ischemic (H-I) group. Caspase-3 and caspase-8 activities were measured in both hemispheres. Results: There was no difference in caspase-3 and caspase-8 activities between right and left brain hemispheres in each group (p>0.05). Caspase-3 and caspase-8 activities were significantly lower in sham group when compared to H-I group, AL48 and AL72 groups (all of it, p=0.0001). Even though there were no difference activities of caspase-3 and caspase-8 between H-I group and AL48 group (p>0.05), activities of caspase-3 and caspase-8 in AL72 group were significantly lower than H-I group and AL48 group (respectively p= 0.0001, p=0.001). Conclusions: Decreased activities of caspase-3 and caspase-8 in AL72 group may suggest that totally dosage of 72 mg/kg allopurinol may be effective for reducing neuronal apoptosis in newborn rats with hypoxic-ischemic insult

The effect of bupivacaine on gastrocnemius muscle contractility in rats with diabetes

WOS: 000483394900007This study examined the changes in skeletal muscle contraction parameters after the injection of bupivacaine into the gastrocnemius muscle in diabetic rats. Forty male Wistar albino rats (230-270 g) were divided into four groups: Group I: Untreated healthy control; Group II: Healthy injected with Bupivacaine; Group III: Diabetic control; Group IV: Diabetic injected with bupivacaine. The diabetes was induced with streptozotocin in 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5) injection at 45 mg/kg in tail vein. On 7th day of streptozotocin injection, the rats in groups II and IV were injected with 0.25% bupivacaine at 8 mg/kg body weight into the gastrocnemius muscle. Three weeks post bupivacaine application, the animals were sacrificed and right leg gastrocnemius muscle was isolated for studying various parameters such as muscle twitch, tetanic force, contraction and relaxation time and maximum contraction and relaxation rates. The blood glucose estimation showed that the rats in group III and IV developed diabetes at two days after administration of streptozotocin. The administration of bupivacaine resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase in the muscle twitch parameters both in Group II and Group IV. Thus, bupivacaine can increase muscle contractility in diabetic muscles also.Cukurova University Scientific Research FoundationCukurova University [TSA-2015-3600]The research was supported by Cukurova University Scientific Research Foundation (project No. TSA-2015-3600). No competing financial interests exist

Distribution of Postmortem Tissue in Acute Endosulfan Poisoining: Case Report

In this study, we aimed to determine the distribution of endosulfan in the two postmortem cases, who died due to accidental poisoning. The blood, liver, kidney, brain and stomach content samples obtained from cases were studied with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). In the biologic samples, endosulfan isomer (&#945;-Endosulfan and &#946;- Endosulfan) and metabolites (endosulfan sulfate and endosulfan ether) levels were examined. The endosulfan concentrations in the blood were determined as: &#945;- endosulfan was 0.47 mg/l and &#946;-endosulfan was 0.05 mg/l in the first case; &#945;-endofulsan was 0.24 mg/l and &#946;-endosulfan was 0.03 mg/l in the second case. The highest levels of endosulfan were found in the stomach contents. The endosulfan concentrations in the stomach contents were determined as: &#945;-endofulsan was 2.4 mg/kg and &#946;-endosulfan was 1.1 mg/kg in the first case, &#945;- endosulfan was 3.4 mg/kg and &#946;-endosulfan was 2.65 mg/kg in the second case. The liver, brain and the kidney; &#945;- endosulfan, &#946;-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate and endosulfan ether levels of both cases were examined in our studies as well. [Cukurova Med J 2013; 38(3.000): 515-519

A pig model for the histomorphometric evaluation of hard tissue around dental implants

PubMedID: 21651415This study aimed to evaluate the frontal bone of Swiss Domestic pigs as an animal model for the histologichistomorphometric examination of bony tissue around dental implants. We inserted SLA surface implants 4.1 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length into the frontal bones of 9 Swiss-Domestic pigs. Histologic and histomorphometric studies were conducted on the undecalcified sections. Histologic examinations showed that the specimens contain a sufficient amount of bone to provide homogenous bone coverage for standard diameter dental implant placement. The mean bone to implant contact was 61.9% 6 8.7%. Other histomorphometric parameters revealed the regular trabecular architecture at this site. Pigs' frontal bone appears to be a suitable animal model in short-term dental implant studies because it provides a sufficient amount of bone and favorable bone microarchitecture

Effects of the fusionless instrumentation on the disks and facet joints of the unfused segments: A pig model

PubMedID: 23812137Background: Growing rod (GR) is a state-of-the-art procedure favored when curvatures of the spine cannot be managed non-operatively in early-onset scoliosis. Although some postulate that multiple distractions and/or relative immobilization of the unfused segments affect the health of disk and facet joint (FJ) and cause degeneration and/or spontaneous fusion, this has not thoroughly been investigated. In this study, changes in the un-fused segment after a spine-based fusionless instrumentation (SBFI) are investigated and compared with the control (CG) and instrumented fusion (IF) groups. Methods: A total of 13 piglets, 10 to 14 weeks of age, were used. SBFI and IF were performed on 7 and 3 piglets, respectively, and 3 formed the CG. In SBFI, lengthening procedures of 5mm were applied once monthly for 3 months, and, after 4 months, all piglets were euthanized. Histologic sections of the unfused disks and FJ were analyzed, and morphometric histologic analysis was performed. Results: On the basis of the Gries criteria, unfused disk median grades were 1, 2, and 4 for control, SBFI, and IF, respectively, that revealed a statistical difference (P < 0.001). Unfused FJ median grades were 1 and 2 for control and SBFI, respectively, that revealed a statistical difference (P < 0.001). The mean hyper-trophic zone (HZ) heights were 69.78, 84.20, and 66.14 mm; HZ chondrocyte cell widths were 19.03, 18.76, and 17.36 mm; and HZ chondrocyte cell heights were 15.01, 15.04, and 12.42 mm in the CG, SBFI, and IF groups, respectively. Statistically, for HZ heights, SBFI was different compared with CG and IF (P < 0.001), and, for HZ chondrocyte cell widths and heights, IF was different compared with CG and SBFI (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Morphometric analysis in this study supports the findings that SBFI preserves the growth potential of the spine. Furthermore, changes in the HZ heights show that distractive forces stimulate the apophyseal growth of the axial skeleton describing how the growth rate of the spine in GR might surpass the normal growth rate. Overall, although some degenerative changes are observed, SBFI and repeated distractions alone are not solely responsible for FJ arthrosis and disk degeneration, given that they are structurally preserved. Clinical Relevance: GR and regular lengthening procedures do not impair disk health and preserve the growth potential of the spine if it is applied with a meticulous technique. Copyright © 2013 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Evaluation of paracetamol distribution and stability in case of acute intoxication in rats

PubMedID: 23111878Effects of different storing conditions on paracetamol concentration in biological samples of acute intoxicated rats were investigated. The stability and distribution of paracetamol was observed in postmortem serum, liver, kidney and brain tissues. The serum samples were stored for 30 days and daily changes were evaluated for paracetamol. A significant difference (p = 0.05) was noticed on the 30th experimental day. Paracetamol serum levels changed as much as 66.30% and 33.78% for 4°C and -20°C, respectively. The stability of paracetamol in liver stored at -20°C was also evaluated for 30 days. The paracetamol concentration levels taken from liver samples dramatically decreased from 30.36% on the 1st day to 94.97% on the 30th day. The paracetamol distribution in organs was as 2.68 , 1.11 and 0.68 mg/g in liver, kidney and brain samples, respectively. Meaningful difference in paracetamol in serum and liver samples was in observed in 30th day values (p = 0.05). © The Author(s) 2013