The effects of globalization on child labor in developing countries

This paper inquires the effects of globalization on child labor in developing countries via cross-country analysis by decomposing globalization to its components; foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade. The findings reveal that the relationship between the child labor supply and gross domestic product per capita (PCGDP) can be expressed as a U shape. The study indicates that the child labor increases in the developing countries whose PCGDP levels are above $7500 since the net effect of globalization is positive for the positive substitution effect is bigger than the negative income effect. Data have been collected from UNICEF and World Bank

The effects of globalization on child labor in developing countries

This paper inquires the effects of globalization on child labor in developing countries via cross-country analysis by decomposing globalization to its components; foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade. The findings reveal that the relationship between the child labor supply and gross domestic product per capita (PCGDP) can be expressed as a U shape. The study indicates that the child labor increases in the developing countries whose PCGDP levels are above $7500 since the net effect of globalization is positive for the positive substitution effect is bigger than the negative income effect. Data have been collected from UNICEF and World Bank.Child labor, globalization, trade, FDI, developing countries.

PROVINCES-LEVEL ANALYSIS OF THE REGIONAL INCOME DISTRIBUTION IN TURKEY: 1990-2006

In this study, regional income distribution in Turkey during 1990-2006 period are analyzed in terms of neoclassic convergence hypothesis by using provinces level Per Capita Gross Domestic Production (PCGDP) and Per Capita Income (PCI) and the reasons of regional income gaps are examined. Regional inequality measures indicated that the PCI distribution is more equal than the PCGDP distribution. Regional income disparities decreased during 1990-2001. Although the tendency of decrease in regional disparity continues for the PCI, disparities for the PCGDP started to increase during 2001-2006. The results of the cross-section analysis denote that the PCGDP is explained by the variables of provinceÕs capital stock, work force, human capital, service sector productivity and urbanization ratio. The PCI is determined by the redistribution policies and explained by the variables such as employment in public sector, political representation and priority provinces for development. Findings of the study reveal that regional policies are required for the economic equality between regions in Turkey.Regional income distribution, economic convergence, redistribution policy.

AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH FOR CHILD LABOUR IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: CHILD LABOUR PARTICIPATION RATES OR SCHOOL NON-ATTENDANCE RATES

Child labour widely measured by child labour participation rates in literature is considered by non-attendance rates in primary education in this study. Along with this approach, it is attempted to investigate in what closeness the child labour ratios of countries are also measured by school non-attendance rates. The data is collected from UNICEF and World Bank. 85 developing countries take part in cross-country analysis by ordinary least square technique. The time period interval is 2000-2007 years and the average of those eight years is used. It has been found that non-attendance rates to primary education in developing countries can be a statistically possible proxy variable at the cases of unavailable child labour participation rates data