Unusual Bronchopulmonary Foregut Malformation Associated with Pericardial Defect: Bronchogenic Cyst Communicating with Tubular Esophageal Duplication

We report a case of unusual bronchopulmonary foregut malformation composed of a mediastinal bronchogenic cyst with sequestrated lung tissue and communicating tubular esophageal duplication associated with complete pericardial defect. A 18-yr-old man, who had suffered from dry cough and mild dyspnea, was admitted because of an incidentally detected chest mass. A computed tomography scan demonstrated a cystic mass with an air fluid level connected with esophagus in the middle mediastinum. The surgically resected mass was a pleural invested accessory lobe of the lung (8.0×7.0×4.5 cm) connected with the esophageal wall by a tubular structure (3.0 cm in length and 2.0 cm in diameter). A complete left pericardial defect was also identified. Histologically, the cystic wall was composed of fibrovascular connective tissue with a smooth muscle layer, mixed seromucous glands and cartilage, and the inner surface of the cyst was lined by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium. The inner surface of the tubular structure was lined by non-keratinizing or keratinizing squamous epithelium, and the wall contained submucosal mucous glands, muscularis mucosa, and duplicated muscularis propria. This case is important in understanding the embryological pathogenesis of the variable spectrum of the bronchopulmonary foregut malformation

Preventive effect of fermented black ginseng against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

Background: Fermented black ginseng (FBG) is processed ginseng by the repeated heat treatment and fermentation of raw ginseng. The protective effect and mechanism of FBG on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity was investigated to evaluate its therapeutic potential. Methods: The free radical scavenging activity of FBG was measured using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). In addition, the protective effect against cisplatin-induced renal damage was tested in rats. FBG was orally administered every day at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight for 10 d, and a single dose of cisplatin was administered intraperitoneally (7.5 mg/kg body weight) with 0.9% saline on the 4th d. Results: The DPPH radical-scavenging activity of FBG (IC50=384 μg/mL) was stronger than that of raw ginseng. The improved DPPH radical-scavenging activity was mediated by the generation phenolic compounds. The decreased cell viability by cisplatin was recovered significantly after treatment with FBG in a dose-dependent manner. Then, the protective effect of FBG on cisplatin-induced oxidative renal damage was investigated in rats. The decreased creatinine clearance levels, which are a reliable marker for renal dysfunction in cisplatin-treated rats, were reduced to the normal level after the administration of FBG. Moreover, FBG showed protective effects against cisplatin-induced oxidative renal damage in rats through the inhibition of NF-κB/p65, COX-2, and caspase-3 activation. Conclusion: These results collectively show that the therapeutic evidence for FBG ameliorates the nephrotoxicity via regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis

Effect Of Antioxidant To Progression Of Diabetic Nephropathy In Diabetic Rat

Reactive oxygen species play critical roles in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). To evaluate the effect of antioxidant therapy on renal damage, we investigated the effect of green tea catechin on oxidative stress-induced renal cell damage in LLC-PK cells and DN induced by subtotal nephrectomy plus streptozotocin injection in rats, Antioxidant activities of 6 green tea catechins were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity test. Protective effect of (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (EGCG) as a representative tea catechin against oxidative renal cell damage was measured in LLC-PK cells. EGCG showed the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity and protected renal epithelial LLC-PK cells from oxidative damage in the dose-dependent manner. Hyperglycemia, proteinuria and the elevated lipid peroxidation levels were reduced by EGCG administration. The renal protein expressions related to diabetic nephropathy such as iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB, phosphorylated IκB-α, TGF-β1 and fibronectin were significantly decreased after EGCG treatment. In conclusion, EGCG has beneficial effects on DN by suppressing hyperglycemia and related oxidative stress in kidney

A Case of Cecal Endometriosis Presenting as Subepithelial Tumor

Endometriosis is a benign gynecologic disease, characterized by the presence and growth of functional endometrial-like tissue outside uterus. This ectopic endometrial tissue is most commonly found in the peritoneum, ovaries and uterosacral ligaments, but extremely rarely there is involvement of the appendix or cecum. Here we report a case of cecal endometriosis presenting as a subepithelial tumor diagnosed by surgical excision. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2016;68:214-217

Spontaneous Regression of Hyperplastic Gastric Polyps

Although gastric hyperplastic polyps are recognized as benign lesions, there is concern regarding carcinomatous changes in the polyps, depending on their size. If the polyp size is larger than 1.0∼2.0 cm, endoscopic resection is usually recommended. Gastric hyperplastic polyps easily undergo changes in their shape and size over time. However, spontaneous regression of hyperplastic polyps is very rare. We present a recent case wherein gastric hyperplastic polyps disappeared spontaneously. We present the case along with a literature review