New approach to λ-Stirling numbers

The aim of this paper is to study the $\lambda$-Stirling numbers of both kinds, which are $\lambda$-analogues of Stirling numbers of both kinds. These numbers have nice combinatorial interpretations when $\lambda$ are positive integers. If $\lambda = 1$, then the $\lambda$-Stirling numbers of both kinds reduce to the Stirling numbers of both kinds. We derive new types of generating functions of the $\lambda$-Stirling numbers of both kinds which are related to the reciprocals of the generalized rising factorials. Furthermore, some related identities are also derived from those generating functions. In addition, all the corresponding results to the $\lambda$-Stirling numbers of both kinds are obtained for the $\lambda$-analogues of $r$-Stirling numbers of both kinds, which are generalizations of those numbers

Partial Ureteral Obstruction: A New Experimental Model In Rats

Partial ureteral obstruction in rats has been usually created by implanting the mid ureter into the psoas muscle. However, this method does not allow us to choose the obstruction site or the degree of obstruction. On the other hand, the extrinsic stent insertion method needs highly sophisticated operation skill. Hence, we tried to make a new experimental model using a bisected segment of 8 F feeding tube. We made various sizes of central holes with needles in that piece and then placed the left ureter into the hole through a J-shaped incised route. The occurrence of partial ureteral obstruction was checked by excretory urogram, direct injection of indigocarmine into the upper dilated ureter and histopathological examination. Actually, partial ureteral obstruction occurred in 67% of rats in the 236 group (n=6) and in 57% in the 216 group (n=7) in a week. Complete obstruction occurred in 33% in the 236 group and in 29% in the 216 group. The control group (n=6) in which an 186 needle (greater than ureter diameter) was used showed 33% of partial obstruction but there was no case of complete obstruction.These data show that our new experimental model inducing partial ureter obstruction in rats has reliability, variability and simplicity

One-pot Enzymatic Synthesis of Deoxy-thymidine-diphosphate (TDP)-2-deoxy-∝-d-glucose Using Phosphomannomutase

Production of deoxy-thymidine-diphosphate (TDP)-sugars as substrates of glycosyltransferases, has been one of main hurdles for combinatorial antibiotic biosynthesis, which combines sugar moiety with aglycon of various antibiotics. Here, we report the one-pot enzymatic synthesis of TDP-2-deoxy-glucose employing high efficient TMP kinase (TMK; E.C. 2.7.2.12), acetate kinase (ACK; E.C. 2.7.1.21), and TDP-glucose synthase (TGS; E.C. 2.7.7.24) with phosphomannomutase (PMM; E.C. 5.4.2.8). In this study, replacing phosphoglucomutase (PGM; E.C. 5.4.2) by PMM from Escherichia coli gave four times higher specific activity on 2-deoxy-6-phosphate glucose, suggesting that the activity on 2-deoxy-glucose-6-phosphate was mainly affected by PMM activity, not PGM activity. Using an in vitro system starting from TMP and 2-deoxy-glucose-6-phosphate glucose, TDP-2-deoxy-glucose (63% yield) was successfully synthesized. Considering low productivity of NDP-sugars from cheap starting materials, this paper showed how production of NDP-sugars could be enhanced by controlling mutase activity

Coulomb oscillations based on band-to-band tunneling in a degenerately doped silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor

The Coulomb oscillations based on band-to-band tunneling through a valence band in silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors were discussed. It was found that the formation of tunnel barries and a quantum dot in a single-electron transistor structure originated from two p+ - p+ tunnel junctions and a p+ -doped channel with mesoscopic dimension, respectively. At liquid nitrogen temperature, the Coulomb-blockade oscillations with multiple peaks were also observed. Analysis shows that the single-electron charging effect based on band-to-band tunneling was confirmed using the electrical and thermal characterization of the quantum dots.open2

Dynamic All-Red Signal Control Based on Deep Neural Network Considering Red Light Runner Characteristics

Despite recent advances in technologies for intelligent transportation systems, the safety of intersection traffic is still threatened by traffic signal violation, called the Red Light Runner (RLR). The conventional approach to ensure the intersection safety under the threat of an RLR is to extend the length of the all-red signal when an RLR is detected. Therefore, the selection of all-red signal length is an important factor for intersection safety as well as traffic efficiency. In this paper, for better safety and efficiency of intersection traffic, we propose a framework for dynamic all-red signal control that adjusts the length of all-red signal time according to the driving characteristics of the detected RLR. In this work, we define RLRs into four different classes based on the clustering results using the Dynamic Time Wrapping (DTW) and the Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA). The proposed system uses a Multi-Channel Deep Convolutional Neural Network (MC-DCNN) for online detection of RLR and also classification of RLR class. For dynamic all-red signal control, the proposed system uses a multi-level regression model to estimate the necessary all-red signal extension time more accurately and hence improves the overall intersection traffic safety as well as efficiency. © 2020 by the authors.1