Role of the Wife in the Jewish Marriage in Old Testament Scripture, in Jewish Law, and in Rabbinic Literature

The article is divided into three main sections: the first section analyzes the wife’s role in the Jewish marriage, as well as various questions which are inseparable from her status in Judaism, such as social life, equality, and polygamy. The second section deals with the institution of marriage in Judaism, the very wedding ceremony, and various practical questions which may arise during the wedding and later. These include issues such as the ketubah and divorce. In the last section of this article, the author seeks to present the Judaistic stance toward violence against women, especially towards beating up and raping, and he ends with the Judaistic view on how we should treat our wives. The author analyzes the aforementioned topics from the Old Testament Scripture, the Jewish law, and the Rabbinic literature from the days of Talmud until today. The author breaks down these questions based on a series of sources from the Rabbinic literature, from the days of Talmud, through the Middle Ages, all the way to the modern Rabbis, and the literature which has been translated into Croatian for the first time. The texts have been translated from Hebrew and Aramaic by the author himself

Understanding the Chaos: Poly Royal Riots in 1990

In April of 1990, Cal Poly’s President Warren J. Baker made the decision to indefinitely cancel the annual open house event, Poly Royal. The decision was made easy because of the violent and disruptive riots that broke out during the weekend of the event that year. Primarily the result of binge drinking among young students, the riots included: arson, destruction of property, and over a hundred injuries. This paper will explore all the precautionary measures taken by city officials to combat the riots and examine the measures that could have been taken to prevent the riots from happening. Using sources that study riots that occur adjacent to university campuses will help further understand the traits of these riots and how they should have been combatted. The possible enactment of the banning or limiting of sale of alcohol to remedy the uproar among riot participators is also discussed in this paper

MIRACULOUS HEALING IN JUDAISM

This paper explores and discusses the miraculous powers attributed to certain figures in Judaism, a power to revive or kill, heal, or harm. This idea already appears in the Bible, but also in many places all over the Talmud and rabbinic literature. Sometimes, the action performed is passive, the sages do not ask for it directly, while sometimes it is active and deliberate. Since Judaism is known for its attitude to witchcraft, which is explicitly prohibited in the Torah, it is clear that such powers are not based on magic. If so, what forces are involved and what is their origin? In this paper, we attempt to answer these questions and discuss other issues, such as the relationship between medicine and Jewish law, the attitude of Judaism toward maling and the power of prayer and healing as a fulfillment of the obligation to save lives. The main part of this paper examines miraculous healings in the Bible, in the Talmud and during the rabbinic period. The last part investigates the source of the righteous metaphysical power and the attitude of Judaism regarding sorcery. Finally, in the end of this paper we attempt to define the appropriate attitude toward those who seek blessings for medical healing from rabbis

BROTHERHOOD IN HUMANITY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF GLOBAL MENTAL HEALTH: THE JEWISH VIEW

This paper explores and discusses the Jewish view on brotherhood in humanity and its bond with global mental health. Human brotherhood is one of the foundations of the Jewish religion and is widely found in the ethics of the Jewish prophets and in the tradition of Israel. The halakhic sources oblige a person to do good to others by every possible means - his money, body, soul and mind. The concept of brotherhood in its deepest meaning contains a social responsibility that requires more than transferring a financial contribution to a particular account. In brotherhood, we adopt values that inspire us and put soul in all our actions. The adoption and assimilation of social values into society\u27s policy concerns the very existence of the entire world. The legacy of the grace and brotherhood of our ancestor Abraham is the legacy of human love and universal human brotherhood. In this paper, we bring many Jewish sources from the rabbinic literature on human brotherhood from the Talmudic period to our time. We will show the great importance of human brotherhood in Judaism, and how great the reward is for acts of brotherhood and lovingkindness. We will try to show the scope and range of brotherhood in humanity. As well, we will explore the concept of brotherhood in humanity as "Tikkun Olam"-"repairing the world " to bring about a societal change, and finally, social justice. In the final part of this work, we would like to show that human brotherhood is possible even in the most inhuman conditions, by bringing one short story from the Holocaust

Solomon’s judgment – linguistic analysis and interpretation (1 Kings 3, 16-28)

U ovom članku autori analiziraju slavnu presudu kralja Salomona. Riječ je o lingvističkoj analizi koja se usredotočuje na hebrejski jezik i gramatiku. Autori započinju općim uvodom o slavnoj mudrosti kralja Salomona te nastavljaju kratkim sažetkom pripovijedanja o suđenju i opisom njezine strukture. Posebna se pažnja posvećuje pojedinim izrazima (riječima) i njihovim skrivenim značenjima. Autori uspoređuju hebrejsku verziju teksta s dva najčešće korištena prijevoda na hrvatskom jeziku, onim urednikâ Jure Kaštelana i Bonaventure Dude (Kršćanska sadašnjost) te osuvremenjenim prijevodom Ivana Evanđelista Šarića, i u njima pronalaze vrlo značajne razlike u riječima koje su korištene, ali i ispuštene, u tim prijevodima na hrvatski jezik. Članak također nastoji kritički promišljati je li kralj Salomon uistinu postupio mudro svojom psihološkom presudom. Značajan dio rada jest i hipoteza da je kralj Salomon znao koja je od dviju žena prava majka prije negoli je donio presudu i da to nije saznao tek poslije. Kako bi potvrdili ovu hipotezu, autori navode razne lingvističke dokaze. Svoje istraživanje započinju pitanjem zašto nam sâma Biblija ne daje pravu pozadinu priče te na to pitanje nastoje dati odgovor u tekstu članka. Autori se u radu služe mnogim izvorima iz rabinske književnosti – od talmudskih vremena, preko srednjovjekovlja pa sve do modernog doba. Većinu ovih tekstova, izvorno napisanih hebrejskim i aramejskim, autori su sada prvi put preveli na hrvatski jezik.In this article the authors analyzes the famous judgment of king Solomon from a linguistic point of view, focusing on the Hebrew language and grammar. The authors begin with a general introduction to the famous wisdom of King Solomon, followed by a summary of the judgment story and its structure. In their analysis, the authors are looking at words and their hidden intentions and meanings. They compare the Hebrew version with two of the most popular Croatian translations, that by Jure Kaštelan and Bonaventura Duda (Kršćanska sadašnjost) and the one by Ivan Šarić and finds very important differences, which were omitted from the Croatian translations. This article is also trying to establish if King Solomon indeed acted wisely, coming to such a psychologically charged verdict. An important part of this work is the hypothesis that King Solomon knew who the real mother is before he gave his verdict and not only afterwards, and the authors bring several pieces of linguistic evidence to support this assumption. Finally, the authors ask why the Bible itself does not tell us the true backstory and tries to answer that question. In their work, the authors use many sources from the rabbinical literature since the Talmudic time through the Middle Ages until modern times. Much of this literature is translated into Croatian from Hebrew and Aramaic for the first time by the authors

Distribution and abundance of gymnosomata (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia) in the Southwest Atlantic

The distribution and abundance of gymnosome gastropods in the Argentine Sea and Brazil--Malvinas Confluence during 1978-1979 and 1988 were studied. The collections analyzed included 768 quantitative samples obtained between 48°W and the coast, and from 35°S to 55°S. Two species were found. Spongiobranchaea australis was the most frequent and abundant (up to 730 per 1000 m3); its presence in the area was associated with the core of the Malvinas Current. Clione antarctica was less abundant (maximum abundance: 230 per 1000 m3) and was also associated with the Malvinas Current. The geographic ranges of both species in the area are wider than previously described. Since the range of S. australis in the area extends far from the range of its prey Clio, it is not clear whether S. australis can feed on the thecosomatous pteropod Limacina (and not only on Clio, as described in the bibliography) or it starves in that area. During the 1978-1979 annual cycle, the abundance of both species followed neither the abundance patterns of their prey nor of the total zooplankton, and differed from each other. The residence time of swarms of both gymnosomes were shorter than one month. As a general pattern, the aggregates are rapidly transported northward by the Malvinas Current and also penetrate the outer shelf water, but they remain there only during a short period and cannot preclude the final expatriation. So, the abundance of gymnosomes in the area depends on passive migration more than intrinsic population factors.Fil:Dadon, J.R. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina

The Importance and the Advantage of Studying the Bible in Biblical Hebrew

U članku autori analiziraju važnost proučavanja Starog zavjeta na izvornom jeziku, biblijskom hebrejskom. Prvi dio članka je općeniti uvod nakon kojega slijedi objašnjenje glavnih jezičnih razlika između biblijskog i modernog hebrejskog jezika kao jednog od čimbenika koji čak i rođenim Izraelcima dodatno otežavaju razumijevanje Biblije. Ovaj dio članka završava kratkim opisom prvog prijevoda Biblije na moderni hebrejski jezik te objašnjava svrhu takvog prijevoda koristeći se riječima prevoditelja i nakladnika. Središnji dio ovoga članka govori o pitanjima kao što su potreba prijevoda Biblije s biblijskog hebrejskog na moderni govorni hebrejski jezik te značenje Biblije i biblijskog teksta. Ovaj dio članka daje opći uvod u prevođenje, navodi argumente u korist i protiv prevođenja tekstova s biblijskog hebrejskog na moderni govorni hebrejski ili druge jezike. Na kraju, središnji dio članka bavi se i poteškoćama koje se pojavljuju prilikom prevođenja Biblije te donosi primjere najvećih prevoditeljskih nedoumica vezanih uz tekst. U ovom je kontekstu objašnjena i pozadina odluke o prevođenju Tore na aramejski jezik. Konačno, autori u zaključku donose preporuke za hrvatski školski kurikul koje se temelje na vlastitim iskustvima roditelja i učitelja. U ovom se radu autori služe brojnim izvorima iz rabinske literature od talmudskih vremena, preko srednjega vijeka pa sve do modernog doba. Velik dio literature autori su po prvi put preveli na hrvatski jezik s hebrejskog i aramejskog.In this article the authors analyse the importance of the study of the Old Testament in its original language, Biblical Hebrew. The first part of the article consists of a general introduction followed by the explanation of the main linguistic differences between Biblical and Modern Hebrew, as one of the factors contributing to the difficulty of understanding the Bible even for native Israelis. This part ends with a brief description of the first Modern Hebrew translation of the Bible and the intentions behind this translation, as presented by the translator and the publisher. The central part of this article discusses the following issues: the need of a translation of the Bible from Biblical Hebrew into modern spoken Hebrew, the importance of the Bible and the Biblical text, continues with a general introduction to translation, provides arguments in favour and against the translation of the text from Biblical Hebrew into Modern spoken Hebrew or other languages. The end of this part exposes the difficulties involved in Bible translation, providing examples of major problems in the translation of the Bible. In this context, the background of Torah translations into Aramaic is explained. Finally, in the conclusion, the authors give their recommendations for the school curriculum in Croatia, based on their experiences as teachers and parents. In their work, the authors use many sources from the rabbinical literature since the Talmudic time through the Middle Ages until modern times. Much of this literature is translated into Croatian from Hebrew and Aramaic for the first time by the authors