8 research outputs found

    Risk assessment and decision support for improving the resilience of Île-de-France's urban technical networks to flooding

    No full text
    Les rĂ©seaux techniques urbains constituent des infrastructures critiques pour le bon fonctionnement et la rĂ©silience des territoires. Toutefois, ces mĂȘmes rĂ©seaux prĂ©sentent diffĂ©rentes formes de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©s aux alĂ©as naturels et anthropiques, pouvant causer leur endommagement et l’arrĂȘt des services urbains qu’ils permettent d’assurer. Ces vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©s peuvent conduire Ă  des dysfonctionnements parfois imprĂ©visibles et potentiellement mĂȘme plus sĂ©vĂšres que le seul impact causĂ© par l’alĂ©a initiateur (dĂ©faillances en cascade).Dans le cas de l’Ile-de-France, la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© des rĂ©seaux face aux inondations constitue un sujet majeur de risque et de rĂ©silience territoriale. On compte une multitude d’impacts directs potentiels des crues sur les infrastructures et des liens d’interdĂ©pendances complexes entres infrastructures, rĂ©seaux et services. Afin de doter les gestionnaires d’outils appropriĂ©s Ă  ces enjeux, cette recherche ambitionne « l’élaboration d’une approche mĂ©thodologique pertinente pour la rĂ©duction des vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©s des rĂ©seaux face aux crues ». Cette approche mĂ©thodologique a pour vocation d’assister les gestionnaires de rĂ©seaux franciliens dans les processus d’identification, de caractĂ©risation, de quantification et de maitrise les risques induits par les diffĂ©rentes formes de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©s de leurs rĂ©seaux.L’approche mĂ©thodologique proposĂ©e s’articule autour de deux grands axes: la quantification des risques et l’optimisation multicritĂšres de l’allocation des mesures de leur maitrise. Elle mobilise diffĂ©rentes mĂ©thodes propres Ă  l’analyse des risques, Ă  l’intĂ©gration de l’expertise et Ă  la quantification des incertitudes, Ă  l’aide Ă  la dĂ©cision multicritĂšre et Ă  l’optimisation mathĂ©matique; afin de planifier efficacement les actions de rĂ©duction de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©s des rĂ©seaux franciliens. Notre dĂ©marche de recherche comporte trois Ă©tapes principales:‱ Le dĂ©veloppement d’une dĂ©marche dĂ©terministe pour l’analyse des vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©s des rĂ©seaux techniques urbains. Celle-ci permet l’identification et la formalisation des modes de dĂ©faillance d’un rĂ©seau exposĂ© aux crues. Elle permet Ă©galement la quantification de la criticitĂ© individuelle de chaque composant dans les scĂ©narios possibles de dĂ©faillance.‱ L’élaboration d’une dĂ©marche fiabiliste pour l’analyse des vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©s des rĂ©seaux, complĂ©mentaire Ă  l’analyse dĂ©terministe. Elle permet la prise en compte de la vraisemblance des modes de dĂ©faillances identifiĂ©s et la construction d’indicateurs fiabilistes pour Ă©valuer la criticitĂ© de chaque composant d’un rĂ©seau analysĂ© en situation de crue.‱ La construction d’un outil d’aide Ă  la dĂ©cision pour la rationalisation et l’optimisation du processus de rĂ©duction des vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©s des rĂ©seaux face aux crues. Cet outil mobilise les rĂ©sultats des deux dĂ©marches dĂ©terministe et fiabiliste pour la caractĂ©risation de la criticitĂ© globale de chaque composant d’un rĂ©seau exposĂ© aux crues. Il permet aussi d’assister les gestionnaires de rĂ©seaux dans l’élaboration de stratĂ©gies optimales de rĂ©duction des vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©s en fonction des budgets d’investissement disponibles.La validitĂ© ainsi que la portĂ©e opĂ©rationnelle de notre dĂ©marche sont Ă©prouvĂ©es tout au long de cette recherche, Ă  travers des chapitres d’application et de valorisation dĂ©diĂ©s Ă  l’analyse d’un tronçon ferroviaire urbain faisant face au risque inondation. Des exemples d’application simples sur d’autres rĂ©seaux sont Ă©galement fournis dans les diffĂ©rentes parties du mĂ©moireUrban technical networks are assets that are critical for the proper functioning and the resilience of territories. However, these networks present different vulnerabilities to natural and man-made hazards, which can cause their damage and the interruption of the urban service they provide. These vulnerabilities can lead to damages or malfunctions that are intuitively unpredictable and more severe than the initial impact of a hazard (cascading failures).In the case of Ile-de-France, the vulnerability of networks to flooding is a major issue of risk and territorial resilience. There are many potential direct impacts of floods on infrastructures and complex interdependencies between infrastructures, networks and services. In order to provide managers with the appropriate tools to address these issues, this research aims to"develop a relevant methodological approach for reducing the vulnerability of these networks to flooding". This methodological approach is intended to assist Ile-de-France' networks operators in the processes of identifying, characterizing, quantifying and controlling the risks induced by the various forms of their networks' vulnerabilities.Our methodological approach is structured mainly according to two axes: risk quantification and multicriteria optimization of the allocation of risk control measures. It mobilizes different methods specific to risk analysis, integration of expertise and quantification of uncertainties, multi-criteria decision support and mathematical optimization, in order to effectively plan measures for reducing networks vulnerabilities. Our work includes three main steps:‱ The development of a deterministic approach for analyzing the vulnerabilities of urban technical networks. This approach allows the identification and the formalization of a network's failure modes, when exposed to floods. It also allows the quantification of the individual criticality of each component in the possible failure scenarios". The development of a reliabilistic approach for the analysis of networks vulnerabilities, in complement to the deterministic approach. It allows taking into account the likelihood of the identified failure modes and the construction of reliability indicators to evaluate the criticality of a network's components under flood conditions.‱ The construction of a decision support tool for optimizing the process of mitigating networks' vulnerabilities to flooding. This tool mobilizes the results of both the deterministic and the reliabilistic approaches for the assessment of the global criticality of each component of a network. It also allows to assist a network’s operator in developing optimal strategies for reducing vulnerabilities based on the available budgets.The validity of our approach is demonstrated in this research, through application chapters dedicated to the analysis of an urban railway network facing flood risk. Examples of simple applications on other networks are also provided in the different parts of the thesi

    Analyse Des Risques et Aide Ă  la DĂ©cision pour l’AmĂ©lioration de la RĂ©silience des RĂ©seaux Techniques Urbains Franciliens Face aux Crues

    No full text
    605 pagesUrban technical networks are assets that are critical for the proper functioning and the resilience of territories. However, these networks present different vulnerabilities to natural and man-made hazards, which can cause their damage and the interruption of the urban service they provide. These vulnerabilities can lead to damages or malfunctions that are intuitively unpredictable and more severe than the initial impact of a hazard (cascading failures).In the case of Ile-de-France, the vulnerability of networks to flooding is a major issue of risk and territorial resilience. There are many potential direct impacts of floods on infrastructures and complex interdependencies between infrastructures, networks and services. In order to provide managers with the appropriate tools to address these issues, this research aims to"develop a relevant methodological approach for reducing the vulnerability of these networks to flooding". This methodological approach is intended to assist Ile-de-France' networks operators in the processes of identifying, characterizing, quantifying and controlling the risks induced by the various forms of their networks' vulnerabilities.Our methodological approach is structured mainly according to two axes: risk quantification and multicriteria optimization of the allocation of risk control measures. It mobilizes different methods specific to risk analysis, integration of expertise and quantification of uncertainties, multi-criteria decision support and mathematical optimization, in order to effectively plan measures for reducing networks vulnerabilities. Our work includes three main steps:‱ The development of a deterministic approach for analyzing the vulnerabilities of urban technical networks. This approach allows the identification and the formalization of a network's failure modes, when exposed to floods. It also allows the quantification of the individual criticality of each component in the possible failure scenarios". The development of a reliabilistic approach for the analysis of networks vulnerabilities, in complement to the deterministic approach. It allows taking into account the likelihood of the identified failure modes and the construction of reliability indicators to evaluate the criticality of a network's components under flood conditions.‱ The construction of a decision support tool for optimizing the process of mitigating networks' vulnerabilities to flooding. This tool mobilizes the results of both the deterministic and the reliabilistic approaches for the assessment of the global criticality of each component of a network. It also allows to assist a network’s operator in developing optimal strategies for reducing vulnerabilities based on the available budgets.The validity of our approach is demonstrated in this research, through application chapters dedicated to the analysis of an urban railway network facing flood risk. Examples of simple applications on other networks are also provided in the different parts of the thesis.Les rĂ©seaux techniques urbains constituent des infrastructures critiques pour le bon fonctionnement et la rĂ©silience des territoires. Toutefois, ces mĂȘmes rĂ©seaux prĂ©sentent diffĂ©rentes formes de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©s aux alĂ©as naturels et anthropiques, pouvant causer leur endommagement et l’arrĂȘt des services urbains qu’ils permettent d’assurer. Ces vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©s peuvent conduire Ă  des dysfonctionnements parfois imprĂ©visibles et potentiellement mĂȘme plus sĂ©vĂšres que le seul impact causĂ© par l’alĂ©a initiateur (dĂ©faillances en cascade).Dans le cas de l’Ile-de-France, la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© des rĂ©seaux face aux inondations constitue un sujet majeur de risque et de rĂ©silience territoriale. On compte une multitude d’impacts directs potentiels des crues sur les infrastructures et des liens d’interdĂ©pendances complexes entres infrastructures, rĂ©seaux et services. Afin de doter les gestionnaires d’outils appropriĂ©s Ă  ces enjeux, cette recherche ambitionne « l’élaboration d’une approche mĂ©thodologique pertinente pour la rĂ©duction des vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©s des rĂ©seaux face aux crues ». Cette approche mĂ©thodologique a pour vocation d’assister les gestionnaires de rĂ©seaux franciliens dans les processus d’identification, de caractĂ©risation, de quantification et de maitrise les risques induits par les diffĂ©rentes formes de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©s de leurs rĂ©seaux.L’approche mĂ©thodologique proposĂ©e s’articule autour de deux grands axes: la quantification des risques et l’optimisation multicritĂšres de l’allocation des mesures de leur maitrise. Elle mobilise diffĂ©rentes mĂ©thodes propres Ă  l’analyse des risques, Ă  l’intĂ©gration de l’expertise et Ă  la quantification des incertitudes, Ă  l’aide Ă  la dĂ©cision multicritĂšre et Ă  l’optimisation mathĂ©matique; afin de planifier efficacement les actions de rĂ©duction de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©s des rĂ©seaux franciliens. Notre dĂ©marche de recherche comporte trois Ă©tapes principales:‱ Le dĂ©veloppement d’une dĂ©marche dĂ©terministe pour l’analyse des vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©s des rĂ©seaux techniques urbains. Celle-ci permet l’identification et la formalisation des modes de dĂ©faillance d’un rĂ©seau exposĂ© aux crues. Elle permet Ă©galement la quantification de la criticitĂ© individuelle de chaque composant dans les scĂ©narios possibles de dĂ©faillance.‱ L’élaboration d’une dĂ©marche fiabiliste pour l’analyse des vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©s des rĂ©seaux, complĂ©mentaire Ă  l’analyse dĂ©terministe. Elle permet la prise en compte de la vraisemblance des modes de dĂ©faillances identifiĂ©s et la construction d’indicateurs fiabilistes pour Ă©valuer la criticitĂ© de chaque composant d’un rĂ©seau analysĂ© en situation de crue.‱ La construction d’un outil d’aide Ă  la dĂ©cision pour la rationalisation et l’optimisation du processus de rĂ©duction des vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©s des rĂ©seaux face aux crues. Cet outil mobilise les rĂ©sultats des deux dĂ©marches dĂ©terministe et fiabiliste pour la caractĂ©risation de la criticitĂ© globale de chaque composant d’un rĂ©seau exposĂ© aux crues. Il permet aussi d’assister les gestionnaires de rĂ©seaux dans l’élaboration de stratĂ©gies optimales de rĂ©duction des vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©s en fonction des budgets d’investissement disponibles.La validitĂ© ainsi que la portĂ©e opĂ©rationnelle de notre dĂ©marche sont Ă©prouvĂ©es tout au long de cette recherche, Ă  travers des chapitres d’application et de valorisation dĂ©diĂ©s Ă  l’analyse d’un tronçon ferroviaire urbain faisant face au risque inondation. Des exemples d’application simples sur d’autres rĂ©seaux sont Ă©galement fournis dans les diffĂ©rentes parties du mĂ©moir

    Evaluating the Implementation of the “Build-Back-Better” Concept for Critical Infrastructure Systems: Lessons from Saint-Martin’s Island Following Hurricane Irma

    No full text
    International audienceA limited number of studies in the scientific literature discuss the “Build-Back-Better” (BBB) critical infrastructure (CI) concept. Investigations of its operational aspects and its efficient implementation are even rarer. The term “Better” in BBB is often confusing to practitioners and leads to unclear and non-uniform objectives for guiding accurate decision-making. In an attempt to fill these gaps, this study offers a conceptual analysis of BBB’s operational aspects by examining the term “Better”. In its methodological approach, this study evaluates the state of Saint-Martin’s CI before and after Hurricane Irma and, accordingly, reveals the indicators to assess during reconstruction projects. The proposed methods offer practitioners a guidance tool for planning efficient BBB CI projects or for evaluating ongoing programs through the established BBB evaluation grid. Key findings of the study offer insights and a new conceptual equation of the BBB CI by revealing the holistic and interdisciplinary connotations behind the term “Better” CI: “Build-Back-resilient”, “Build-Back-sustainable”, and “Build-Back-accessible to all and upgraded CI”. The proposed explanations can facilitate the efficient application of BBB for CI by operators, stakeholders, and practitioners and can help them to contextualize the term “Better” with respect to their area and its CI systems. View Full-Tex
    corecore