Coupled Chiral Structure in Graphene-Based Film for Ultrahigh Thermal Conductivity in Both In-Plane and Through-Plane Directions

The development of high-performance thermal management materials to dissipate excessive heat both in plane and through plane is of special interest to maintain efficient operation and prolong the life of electronic devices. Herein, we designed and constructed a graphene-based composite film, which contains chiral liquid crystals (cellulose nanocrystals, CNCs) inside graphene oxide (GO). The composite film was prepared by annealing and compacting of self-assembled GO-CNC, which contains chiral smectic liquid crystal structures. The helical arranged nanorods of carbonized CNC act as in-plane connections, which bridge neighboring graphene sheets. More interestingly, the chiral structures also act as through-plane connections, which bridge the upper and lower graphene layers. As a result, the graphene-based composite film shows extraordinary thermal conductivity, in both in-plane (1820.4 W m^–1 K^–1) and through-plane (4.596 W m^–1 K^–1) directions. As a thermal management material, the heat dissipation and transportation behaviors of the composite film were investigated using a self-heating system and the results showed that the real-time temperature of the heater covered with the film was 44.5 °C lower than a naked heater. The prepared film shows a much higher efficiency of heat transportation than the commonly used thermal conductive Cu foil. Additionally, this graphene-based composite film exhibits excellent mechanical strength of 31.6 MPa and an electrical conductivity of 667.4 S cm^–1. The strategy reported here may open a new avenue to the development of high-performance thermal management films

Capillary-Force-Assisted Clean-Stamp Transfer of Two-Dimensional Materials

A simple and clean method of transferring two-dimensional (2D) materials plays a critical role in the fabrication of 2D electronics, particularly the heterostructure devices based on the artificial vertical stacking of various 2D crystals. Currently, clean transfer techniques rely on sacrificial layers or bulky crystal flakes (e.g., hexagonal boron nitride) to pick up the 2D materials. Here, we develop a capillary-force-assisted clean-stamp technique that uses a thin layer of evaporative liquid (e.g., water) as an instant glue to increase the adhesion energy between 2D crystals and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for the pick-up step. After the liquid evaporates, the adhesion energy decreases, and the 2D crystal can be released. The thin liquid layer is condensed to the PDMS surface from its vapor phase, which ensures the low contamination level on the 2D materials and largely remains their chemical and electrical properties. Using this method, we prepared graphene-based transistors with low charge-neutral concentration (3 × 10¹⁰ cm^–2) and high carrier mobility (up to 48 820 cm² V^–1 s^–1 at room temperature) and heterostructure optoelectronics with high operation speed. Finally, a capillary-force model is developed to explain the experiment

Apoptosis and autophagy rate between control and PERK-siRNA group both treated with ¹²⁵I radiation in different times.

<p>Apoptosis and autophagy rate between control and PERK-siRNA group both treated with ¹²⁵I radiation in different times.</p

Genome-Wide Identification of Bone Metastasis-Related MicroRNAs in Lung Adenocarcinoma by High-Throughput Sequencing

<div><p>Background</p><p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They participate in a wide variety of biological processes, including apoptosis, proliferation and metastasis. The aberrant expression of miRNAs has been found to play an important role in many cancers.</p><p>Results</p><p>To understand the roles of miRNAs in the bone metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma, we constructed two small RNA libraries from blood of lung adenocarcinoma patients with and without bone metastasis. High-throughput sequencing combined with differential expression analysis identified that 7 microRNAs were down-regulated and 21 microRNAs were up-regulated in lung adenocarcinoma with bone metastasis. A total of 797 target genes of the differentially expressed microRNAs were identified using a bioinformatics approach. Functional annotation analysis indicated that a number of pathways might be involved in bone metastasis, survival of the primary origin and metastatic angiogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma. These include the MAPK, Wnt, and NF-kappaB signaling pathways, as well as pathways involving the matrix metalloproteinase, cytoskeletal protein and angiogenesis factors.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>This study provides some insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie lung adenocarcinoma development, thereby aiding the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.</p></div

The relation of apoptosis and autophagy in survival of neuron cells radiated with ¹²⁵I.

<p>(A) Neuron cells were transfected with RNAi against PERK and control (NT). After 16 hours, cells were cultured under ¹²⁵I radiation for 6, 12, and 24 h, as indicated, or with no radiated with ¹²⁵I (0 h). Equal amounts of the protein lysates prepared from the cultured cells were separated by SDS–PAGE, and the levels of AKT, p-AKT, PI3K, Caspase 3, Caspase 8 and actin were measured by immunoblot analysis. (B) Cells proliferation assay. Neuron cells were cultured and transfected with RNAi against PERK and control (NT). After 16 hours, cells were cultured and recover for 3 days, then treated with ¹²⁵I and 3-MA (100 nmol/L). Proliferation was measured by MTT assay following instruction. Results here represent three independent experiments. Points, mean of three similar experiments (n = 3); bars, SE. (C) FACS analysis was performed. Neuron cells were stained with propidium iodide (PI) and Annexin V-FITC. *, <i>p</i><0.05, **, <i>p</i><0.01, the error bar represented the SEM.</p

The motor fuction changes between control and PERK-siRNA groups in each time point under ¹²⁵I radiation.

<p>(A) Porcines transfected with RNAi for PERK and controls were radiated with ¹²⁵I for 6 months. Protein levels were measured by immunoblot analysis using antibodies against LC3II and β-actin at each time point of 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. (B) Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining analysis at different times. The lower left quadrant (low-fluorescence PI and FITC signals) contains normal viable cells and the lower right quadrant (low-fluorescence PI and high-fluorescence FITC signals) defines cells in the early stages of apoptosis. The two upper quadrants (high-fluorescence PI signal) define dead cells. The numbers indicate the percentages of the different populations of cells.</p

Length distribution and abundance of the sRNAs from BM and NM samples.

<p>sRNA reads with a length of 22 nt were the most abundant, which accounting for about half of total reads, then followed by 23 and 21 nt reads.</p

Induction of autophagy by ¹²⁵I was dependent on PERK-eIF2α signal pathway.

<p>(A) Neural cells were treated with ¹²⁵I for 5 days and tunicamycin (TUN) for 24 h. The levels of protein from PERK-eIf2α pathway were measured by immunoblot analyses. Results shown in each panel were representative of at least three independent experiments. (B) Quantification of the levels of protein from PERK-eIf2α pathway in neural cells following 24 h of treatment with tunicamycin (TUN) or ¹²⁵I. Neuron cells treated with TUN were as positive controls and the untreated neurons were as negative controls (NSC-0). Data were representative of mean ± SEM. *, statistically significance in one-way anova test; *, <i>P</i><0.05; **, <i>P</i><0.005; ***, <i>P</i><0.0005.</p

Mn-Doped Multiple Quantum Well Perovskites for Efficient Large-Area Luminescent Solar Concentrators

Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) can be used as large-area sunlight collectors, which show great potential in the application of building-integrated photovoltaic areas. Achieving highly efficient LSCs requires the suppression of reabsorption losses while maintaining a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and broad absorption. Perovskites as the superstar fluorophores have recently emerged as candidates for large-area LSCs. However, highly emissive perovskites with a large Stokes shift and broad absorption have not been obtained up to now. Here, we devised a facile synthetic route to obtain Mn-doped multiple quantum well (MQW) Br-based perovskites. The Br-based perovskite host ensures broad absorption. Efficient energy transfer from the exciton to the Mn dopant produces a large Stokes shift and high PLQY simultaneously. By further coating the perovskites with Al2O3, the stability and PLQY are greatly elevated. A large area of liquid LSC (40 cm × 40 cm × 0.5 cm) is fabricated, which possesses an internal quantum efficiency (ηint) of 47% and an optical conversion efficiency (ηopt) reaching 11 ± 1%, which shows the highest value for large-area LSCs

Distribution of different sRNA categories in BM and NM libraries.

<p><b>s</b>equenced sRNAs were annotated and classified as: intron, extron, rRNAs, tRNAs, snRNAs, snoRNAs, miRNAs, etc.</p