Speaking and Listening with the Eyes: Gaze Signaling during Dyadic Interactions

Cognitive scientists have long been interested in the role that eye gaze plays in social interactions. Previous research suggests that gaze acts as a signaling mechanism and can be used to control turn-taking behaviour. However, early research on this topic employed methods of analysis that aggregated gaze information across an entire trial (or trials), which masks any temporal dynamics that may exist in social interactions. More recently, attempts have been made to understand the temporal characteristics of social gaze but little research has been conducted in a natural setting with two interacting participants. The present study combines a temporally sensitive analysis technique with modern eye tracking technology to 1) validate the overall results from earlier aggregated analyses and 2) provide insight into the specific moment-to-moment temporal characteristics of turn-taking behaviour in a natural setting. Dyads played two social guessing games (20 Questions and Heads Up) while their eyes were tracked. Our general results are in line with past aggregated data, and using cross-correlational analysis on the specific gaze and speech signals of both participants we found that 1) speakers end their turn with direct gaze at the listener and 2) the listener in turn begins to speak with averted gaze. Convergent with theoretical models of social interaction, our data suggest that eye gaze can be used to signal both the end and the beginning of a speaking turn during a social interaction. The present study offers insight into the temporal dynamics of live dyadic interactions and also provides a new method of analysis for eye gaze data when temporal relationships are of interest

Environment change, economy change and reducing conflict at source

At a time when fossil fuel burning, nationalism, ethnic and religious intolerance, and other retrograde steps are being promoted, the prospects for world peace and environmental systems stability may appear dim. Yet now is it the more important to continue to examine the sources of conflict. A major obstacle to general progress is the currently dominant economic practice and theory, which is here called the economy-as-usual, or economics-as-usual, as appropriate. A special obstacle to constructive change is the language in which economic matters are usually discussed. This language is narrow, conservative, technical and often obscure. The rapid changes in the environment (physical and living) are largely kept in a separate compartment. If, however, the partition is removed, economics -as-usual, with its dependence on growth and its widening inequality, is seen to be unsustainable. Radical economic change, for better or worse, is to be expected. Such change is here called economy change. The change could be for the better if it involved an expansion of the concept of economics itself, along the lines of oikonomia, a modern revival of a classical Greek term for management or household. In such an expanded view, not everything of economic value can be measured. It is argued that economics-as-usual is the source of much strife. Some features are indicated of a less conflictual economy - more just, cooperative and peaceful. These features include a dignified life available to all people as of right, the word 'wealth' being reconnected with weal, well and well-being, and 'work' being understood as including all useful activity

Clinical supervision of speech-language pathology students: Comparison of two models of feedback

Clinical practicum is a critical component of the education of speech-language pathologists. Various models of clinical supervision have been proposed but there have been few systematic studies comparing models. In this study, 19 speech-language pathology students were randomly assigned to two groups, one with immediate verbal feedback in a group format and the other with delayed written feedback in an individual format. Both had the same clinical supervisor and clinical placement. Student feedback on a questionnaire indicated perceived advantages and disadvantages with both supervision methods. Both groups showed significantly better performance in treatment skills, interpersonal skills and evaluation skills in an end-block evaluation than at mid-block. However, students in the immediate verbal feedback group achieved significantly higher ratings on the clinic evaluation form than students in the delayed written feedback group. Students in the immediate verbal feedback group also scored higher on a self-rated questionnaire modified from Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire MSLQ than those in the other group, both in the first and last clinical sessions. Further directions for studies of clinical supervision and clinical education are identified. © The Seech Pathology Association of Australia Limited.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Revisiting the relationship between PBL and clinical performance

Conference on 2 December 2011: no. 3link_to_OA_fulltextThe 3rd International Conference on Problem-Based Learning in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, Hong Kong 1-2 December 2011

Development and preliminary psychometric analysis of a quick screening form for referrals of individuals with neurogenic communication disorders to speechlanguage pathologists by laypersons

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Impact of gender and governance on microfinance efficiency

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SF-Tree: An Efficient and Flexible Structure for Estimating Selectivity of Simple Path Expressions with Statistical Accuracy Guarantee

Industrial inspection is the process of verifying that a given product meets the design specifications. In many industries such inspection is done manually which is both expensive and slow. Manual inspection also has the disadvantage that diagnoses may not be consistent from one inspector to another and for one inspector over time

Trends And Applications In Knowledge Discovery And Data Mining: PAKDD 2015 Workshops : BigPMA, VLSP, QIMIE, DAEBH, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, May 19-21, 2015, revised selected papers

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings at PAKDD Workshops 2015, held in conjunction with PAKDD, the 19th Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, in May 2015. The 23 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 57 submissions. The workshops affiliated with PAKDD 2015 include: Pattern Mining and Application of Big Data (BigPMA), Quality Issues, Measures of Interestingness and Evaluation of data mining models (QIMIE), Data Analytics for Evidence-based Healthcare (DAEBH), Vietnamese Language and Speech Processing (VLSP)