9 research outputs found

    Microscopic flux density of small and dendritic flux jumps in MgB2 thin films

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    In contrast to the detailed study on macroscopic vortex avalanches, the development of microscopic small flux jumps and dendritic branches during the growth of an avalanche in a MgB2 thin film with changing temperature and magnetic field is not well studied. Our study of the two phenomena shows that the number and the size of the small flux jumps and the maximum flux density critically depend on the width of the rectangular thin film with dimensions 3 mm x width for film width ranging from 0.2 to 1.6 mm. We also found that when the ratio between the maximum field density and the applied flux was below 1, dendrites do not exist.X1111sciescopu

    Width-dependent upper threshold field for flux noise in MgB2 strips

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    The authors measured magnetization hysteresis curves and used magneto-optical imaging to visualize the flux distributions in superconducting MgB2 films in order to study dendritic flux avalanches. The flux avalanches are found to disappear above some upper threshold field that is typically similar to 1 kOe, but strongly depends on the film width. If the film is made wider, this threshold field first increases and then tends to saturate. This behavior is quantitatively explained using a thermomagnetic model for the dendritic avalanches and taking into account the field dependence of J(c). The results demonstrate that patterning superconducting films into narrow strips substantially increases the range of magnetic fields for which they can be used for applications. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics.open1166sciescopu

    Comparative Study on Mathematical Anxiety Among Students From Costa Rica and Spain

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    La ansiedad matemática (AM) es una de las reacciones afectivas que mayor influencia presenta en el desempeño del estudiantado; factores como el rendimiento académico, el género y la escogencia de la titulación se ven negativamente afectados por este constructo afectivo. En estudios anteriores se concluyó que tanto en Costa Rica como en España se han encontrado estudiantes que presentan ansiedad matemática, por lo tanto, en este artículo científico derivado de una investigación se profundizó en ello y se propuso como objetivo realizar un estudio comparativo sobre AM entre el estudiantado de la Universidad Nacional Costa Rica y de la Universidad de Granada en España, y precisar esta comparación observando lo que ocurre en cada país respecto a las diferencias de género y a la escogencia de la titulación. Para ello se aplicó una escala tipo Likert a un grupo de 2 085 estudiantes que cursaban la primera materia de matemática de su carrera universitaria, de este, 895 son estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica y 1 190 son estudiantes de la Universidad de Granada en España. La escala permitió agrupar los ítems en tres categorías: ansiedad matemática ante los problemas, ansiedad matemática ante los exámenes, y ansiedad ante la matemática en general; en esta última categoría se incluyen aquellas situaciones relacionadas con el transcurso habitual de las clases de matemática. La investigación es de tipo cuantitativa. Para el análisis de utilizó un diseño factorial en el que las medidas de la ansiedad matemática y la de sus subconstructos actúan como variables dependientes, y la nacionalidad del estudiantado, el sexo y el tipo de carrera que cursan son los factores considerados en dicho diseño. Se evidenció que el alumnado de ambos países mostró un comportamiento similar con respecto a su ansiedad matemática; además, tanto en Costa Rica como en España, el estudiantado de las carreras con la mayor cantidad de cursos de matemática presenta ansiedad matemática, ansiedad matemática ante los problemas, ansiedad matemática ante los exámenes y ansiedad ante la matemática en general, significativamente menor que el resto del alumnado. No encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas del país según el género, evidenciando que en ambos países se mantiene que las mujeres presentan mayor ansiedad matemática, ansiedad matemática ante los problemas, ansiedad matemática ante los exámenes y ansiedad ante la matemática en general que los hombres. También, encontramos de forma significativa una correlación positiva entre las variables dependientes.Mathematical anxiety is one of the affective reactions that have the most significant influence on students’ performance. This affective construct negatively influences factors such as academic performance, gender, and the choice of the degree. Earlier studies concluded that there are students in Costa Rica and Spain who suffer from mathematical anxiety; so this article, derived from a research project, deeply analyzes the phenomenon and compares its presence in university students from the National University of Costa Rica and the University of Granada in Spain, and specifies this comparison observing what happens in each country in relation to gender differences and the choice of the degree program. A Likert scale was used to collect the information, which even allowed grouping the data into three categories: mathematical anxiety when facing problems, mathematical anxiety at the moment of exams, and mathematical anxiety in general. In this last category are included situations while teaching mathematics classes. The research is quantitative. The analysis implemented a factorial design in which the measures of mathematical anxiety and its sub-constructs act as dependent variables, and the nationality of the students, sex, and type of career students are enrolled in are the factors considered in the said design. The research revealed that the students of both countries showed similar behaviors concerning their mathematical anxiety. Besides, both in Costa Rica and in Spain, the students with a greater quantity of mathematics courses showed mathematical anxiety, mathematical anxiety when facing problems, mathematical anxiety at the moment of exams, and mathematical anxiety in general, significantly less than the rest of students. We did not find statistically significant differences based on gender in the country; this evidenced that, in both countries, it is accepted that women show higher mathematical anxiety when facing problems, mathematical anxiety at the moment of exams, and mathematical anxiety in general than men. We also found a significant positive correlation between the dependent variables
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