CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS INTERACTION WITH NATURAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL PROCESSES

Human-made GHGs work against us when they trap too much sunlight and block outward radiation. Scientists worry that the accumulation of these gases in the atmosphere has changed and will continue to change the climate. Potential climate risks include more severe weather patterns; hobbled ecosystems, with less biodiversity; changes in patterns of drought and flood, with less potable water; inundation of coastal areas from rising sea levels; and a greater spread of infectious diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, and cholera. On the plus side, climate change might benefit agriculture and forestry in certain locations by increasing productivity as a result of longer growing seasons and increased fertilization. Although climate change is not the same as day-to-day or even year-to-year fluctuations in the weather, the nature of these fluctuations could be altered by climate change

PROCESSING AND INTERPRETATION OF SATELLITE IMAGES LANDSAT 8

The Landsat program is the longest running enterprise for acquisition of satellite imagery of Earth. On July 23, 1972 the Earth Resources Technology Satellite was launched. This was eventually renamed to Landsat. The most recent, Landsat 8, was launched on February 11, 2013. The instruments on the Landsat satellites have acquired millions of images. The images, archived in the United States and at Landsat receiving stations around the world, are a unique resource for global change research and applications in agriculture, cartography, geology, forestry, regional planning, surveillance and education

The Study Related to the Execution of a Triangulation Network in the Dump of Rovinari Pit, in Order to be Restored to the Economic Circuit

The lignite mining extraction within the mining perimeter in Rovinari is carried out through mining works in the open, by using large equipments for the excavation, transport and storage of the mining material. These surfaces are currently being set up in the area of level two of the dump, the west and north-west part of Rovinari pit. In order to carry out the set-up works and of follow-up of the stability of the pit levels it is necessary to maintain the triangulation network

Monitoring of Excavation Works Using Modern Measuring Technology

Modern technology plays a fundamental role in the engineering activities undertaken in day-to-day operations, in order to obtain the necessary material for construction or to obtain certain useful materials that are found near the surface. A special contribution of this branch of terrestrial measurements, of the topography, using modern technology, is materialized by specific studies carried out from a preliminary phase of design of the operation and up to the phase in which the perimeter is ecologized. The present article aims to test and evaluate the accuracy of the data for volumetric measurements of exploited material, using modern technology and specialized software based on topographic altitude, with which we will be able to realize the three-dimensional model of the operating perimeter. For this purpose, an exploitation has been chosen on the appropriate surface, materialized through a case study, with reference to the Doman Quarry, Caras Severin, in which we determined the volumes exploited during the activity period

Implementation of Aerial Monitoring Technology in Permanent Grassland Management

In the last decade, in Romania, the management of large and very diverse agricultural areas from the point of view of the relief has been imposed especially the for the case of permanent grasslands. These ecosystems that are in balance due to the interdependence between the biotic and abiotic factors should be exploited according to correct management practices, supervised so that their level of production and quality should not be damaged. With the help of computer systems, the management and exploitation plan was established for 10-year periods corresponding to the period of renting these areas to livestock breeders. The present study aims at using the aerial monitoring with drone systems, the aerial surveillance of the correct implementation of management practices contractually assumed by the users and the breeders respectively. Thus, it is analyzed the quadratic processing of the surfaces, the compliance with the limits of rented areas, the observance of the load with animals per hectare (livestock unit LU) as well as of other management elements imported for maintaining and improving the condition of the permanent grasslands of Romania

Estimating Annual CO2 Flux for Lutjewad Station Using Three Different Gap-Filling Techniques

Long-term measurements of CO2 flux can be obtained using the eddy covariance technique, but these datasets are affected by gaps which hinder the estimation of robust long-term means and annual ecosystem exchanges. We compare results obtained using three gap-fill techniques: multiple regression (MR), multiple imputation (MI), and artificial neural networks (ANNs), applied to a one-year dataset of hourly CO2 flux measurements collected in Lutjewad, over a flat agriculture area near the Wadden Sea dike in the north of the Netherlands. The dataset was separated in two subsets: a learning and a validation set. The performances of gap-filling techniques were analysed by calculating statistical criteria: coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), maximum absolute error (MaxAE), and mean square bias (MSB). The gap-fill accuracy is seasonally dependent, with better results in cold seasons. The highest accuracy is obtained using ANN technique which is also less sensitive to environmental/seasonal conditions. We argue that filling gaps directly on measured CO2 fluxes is more advantageous than the common method of filling gaps on calculated net ecosystem change, because ANN is an empirical method and smaller scatter is expected when gap filling is applied directly to measurements

Aspects Regarding the Tracking of the Behavior in Time of Vâlsan Dam, Arges County, Romania

This paper aims to highlight the behavior in time monitoring of a hydrotechnical construction by establishing the displacements compared to the base tranche and the previous tranche, processing these measurements and establishing conclusions on the behavior of the analyzed construction. The main purpose of this paper is to study if there are any displacements of the studied hydrotechnical construction between different measurements tranches. Field measurements were performed between September - December 2016, after which the data was processed at the office with specially developed programs for this purpose. For the micro-triangulation stage, respectively for measuring the directions and distances, were used Leica TS02 Plus R500 total stations. The measurement accuracy of this total station is 1” for directional determination and 1.5mm + 2ppm for distances. Tracking the behavior in time of hydrotechnical constructions are of great importance, because it can prevent many calamities like breaking the dam, floods etc

AN OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL MAIZE MARKET COMPARED TO ROMANIAN PRODUCTION

Maize is one of the most important crops cultivated around the world and can be easily grown in various climate conditions, under conventional and organic system. Maize cultivation has many advantages, such as: high yield, strong stability, great potential for increasing yield, strong disaster resistance, wide application range, and high economic benefits. It plays an important role in food production, and it is also due to the growth of animal husbandry and the food processing industry. This article is an overview of global maize market and maize market and production in Romanian economy, related to trade indicators, with a special target on organic production and analysis on territorial profile of organic maize cultivation

Immunological Insights on Pathogenic Connections between Hepato-Digestive Disorders and Periodontal Conditions

The oral cavity is an integral part of the digestive tract and thus significant diseases, including periodontitis, can have an important impact on the normal nutritional functions of the body. Certain diseases of the hepato-digestive system have an inflammatory component, such as chronic hepatitis, fatty liver disease, or gastric cancer. This inflammatory reaction is mainly driven by pro-inflammatory chemokines. This is also the case for periodontitis, a condition characterized by the inflammation of the supporting tissues of teeth. Thus, significant pathogenic connections mediated by pro-inflammatory chemokines could exist between periodontitis and diseases of the hepato-digestive system