10 research outputs found

    Nanocrystalline chromium-based coatings deposited by DLI-MOCVD under atmospheric pressure from Cr(CO)6

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    Nanocrystalline original Cr-based coatings were grown under atmospheric pressure by Direct Liquid Injection Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (DLI-MOCVD). The thin films were grown below 450 °C in a cold wall CVD reactor from solutions of Cr(CO)6 in toluene or THF injected and flash vaporized with or without NH3 addition prior to the deposition zone. Original nanocrystalline chromium oxycarbide and oxy-carbonitride phases were deposited on stainless steel substrates. The influence of injection parameters and conventional CVD conditions have been investigated on the main chemical, physical and structural characteristics of the coatings, as deduced from XRD, SEM, and EPMA analyses

    DĂ©pĂŽt de carbures, nitrures et multicouches nanostructurĂ©es ĂĄ base de chrome sous pression atmosphĂ©rique par dli-mocvd : nouveaux procĂ©dĂ©s et potentialitĂ©s de ces revĂȘtements mĂ©tallurgiques

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    Des procĂ©dĂ©s atmosphĂ©riques de dĂ©pĂŽt chimique en phase vapeur assistĂ© par l'injection directe liquide (DLI-CVD), prometteurs pour traiter des piĂšces mĂ©talliques au dĂ©filĂ©, ont permis l'Ă©laboration Ă  basse tempĂ©rature de revĂȘtements mĂ©tallurgiques performants. Deux prĂ©curseurs organomĂ©talliques de chrome ont Ă©tĂ© employĂ©s dans diffĂ©rentes atmosphĂšres : Cr (CO)6 pour des dĂ©pĂŽts issus du systĂšme chimique Cr-O-N-C, et le bisbenzĂšnechrome pour des monocouches de chrome mĂ©tallique, de carbure (Cr-C) et de nitrure de chrome (CrN), ainsi que des multicouches CrN/Cr-C de bipĂ©riode 25 nm. Une approche thermodynamique a permis le calcul d'un nouveau diagramme ternaire Cr-N-C Ă  527°C, et l'Ă©tude de l'impact du solvant sur la nature et la qualitĂ© des dĂ©pĂŽts en comparaison avec les systĂšmes chimiques sans solvant. Les propriĂ©tĂ©s des revĂȘtements (duretĂ©, adhĂ©rence, usure, corrosion) sont discutĂ©es en relation avec leur microstructure. Les revĂȘtements multicouches nanostructurĂ©s CrN/Cr-C prĂ©sentent des duretĂ©s et une tenue Ă  l'usure prometteuses. ABSTRACT : Atmospheric MOCVD processes assisted by Direct Liquid Injection, attractive for on-line strip coating of metal pieces, were developped for the growth of advanced metallurgical coatings. Two chromium metal organic sources have been employed under various ambience : Cr (CO)6 for coatings in the Cr-O-N-C system, and bisbenzenechromium for metal chromium, carbide (Cr-C) and nitride chromium (CrN) monolayer and CrN/Cr-C multilayer coatings with a typical 25 nm biperiod. A thermodynamic approach has permited the calculation of a new ternary phase diagram in the Cr-C-N system and the study of the solvent impact on the nature of the coatings in comparison with chemical systems without solvent. Preliminary mechanical properties from scratch test, nanoindentation and residual stress measurements as well as tribological and corrosion behavior of the mono and multilayer Cr-based coatings are discussed in relation with their microstructure. Nanostructured CrN/Cr-C multilayer coatings exhibit promising hardness and wear resistance

    DĂ©pĂŽt de carbures, nitrures et multicouches nanostructurĂ©es ĂĄ base de chrome sous pression atmosphĂ©rique par dli-mocvd : nouveaux procĂ©dĂ©s et potentialitĂ©s de ces revĂȘtements mĂ©tallurgiques

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    Des procĂ©dĂ©s atmosphĂ©riques de dĂ©pĂŽt chimique en phase vapeur assistĂ© par l'injection directe liquide (DLI-CVD), prometteurs pour traiter des piĂšces mĂ©talliques au dĂ©filĂ©, ont permis l'Ă©laboration Ă  basse tempĂ©rature de revĂȘtements mĂ©tallurgiques performants. Deux prĂ©curseurs organomĂ©talliques de chrome ont Ă©tĂ© employĂ©s dans diffĂ©rentes atmosphĂšres : Cr (CO)6 pour des dĂ©pĂŽts issus du systĂšme chimique Cr-O-N-C, et le bisbenzĂšnechrome pour des monocouches de chrome mĂ©tallique, de carbure (Cr-C) et de nitrure de chrome (CrN), ainsi que des multicouches CrN/Cr-C de bipĂ©riode 25 nm. Une approche thermodynamique a permis le calcul d'un nouveau diagramme ternaire Cr-N-C Ă  527°C, et l'Ă©tude de l'impact du solvant sur la nature et la qualitĂ© des dĂ©pĂŽts en comparaison avec les systĂšmes chimiques sans solvant. Les propriĂ©tĂ©s des revĂȘtements (duretĂ©, adhĂ©rence, usure, corrosion) sont discutĂ©es en relation avec leur microstructure. Les revĂȘtements multicouches nanostructurĂ©s CrN/Cr-C prĂ©sentent des duretĂ©s et une tenue Ă  l'usure prometteuses

    Thermodynamic simulation of atmospheric DLI-CVD processes for the growth of chromium-based hard coatings using bis(benzene)chromium as molecular source

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    Direct liquid injection (DLI) is a new technology particularly convenient for feeding CVD reactors with low volatility molecular precursors. Thus DLI-CVD can operate under atmospheric pressure and is a promising process for industrial applications requiring high precursor flow rates such as continuous deposition. In order to help the experimenter, a thermodynamic approach is particularly suitable for determining the chemistry of the process, i.e. the influence of the main growth parameters such as temperature, total pressure and initial gas phase composition on the nature of the deposited phases. A choice of the most explicit representations of the thermodynamic modelling describing the great trends resulting from the variation of experimental parameters is presented. Thermodynamic calculations in the Cr–C–H, Cr–N–C–H and Cr–C–Cl–H chemical systems were made to predict the atmospheric CVD growth of carbides, nitrides andmetal chromium coatings, respectively. Bis(benzene)chromium (BBC) was used as metalorganic precursor and the calculations simulated respectively the reactive gas phase mixtures BBC/solvent, BBC/NH3/solvent and BBC/C6Cl6/solvent. Even if a satisfactory agreement was found between experimental and theoretical tendencies, the deposition of metastable phases reveals that kinetics can play amajor role in such processes. Based on these results, chromium carbides, nitrides and metal coatings have been successfully deposited by DLI-CVD under atmospheric pressure either as single phased or nanostructured multilayer hard coatings

    Multilayer chromium based coatings grown by atmospheric pressure direct liquid injection CVD

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    There is a great interest for multilayer hard coatings because they exhibit enhanced properties resulting from their nanostructuration. Such coatings are frequently constituted of carbide and nitride and are generally deposited under very low pressure by plasma and PVD processes. These vacuum techniques enable the growth of heterostructures with nanometric thick individual layers and sharp interfaces, which are two requirements for advanced performances. However, both to develop more economical processes and with the goal of continuous deposition applications, the CVD processes operating under atmospheric pressure are particularly attractive. In this paper we show that the combination of pulsed direct liquid injection and the use of metalorganic precursor (DLI-MOCVD) is a promising route for the growth of nanostructured multilayer coatings under atmospheric pressure. Chromium metal as well as chromium carbide and nitrides monolithic coatings have been deposited at 773 K by this process using liquid solution of bis(benzene) chromium as Cr molecular precursor. Then, CrCx/CrN nanostructured multilayer coatings with a bilayer period as low as 50 nm have been grown. Structural characterizations and preliminary mechanical properties of these metallurgical coatings are discussed

    DÉPÔT DE CARBURES, NITRURES ET MULTICOUCHES NANOSTRUCTURÉES Á BASE DE CHROME SOUS PRESSION ATMOSPHÉRIQUE PAR DLI-MOCVD NOUVEAUX PROCÉDÉS ET POTENTIALITÉS DE CES REVÊTEMENTS MÉTALLURGIQUES

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    Atmospheric MOCVD processes assisted by Direct Liquid Injection, attractive for on-line strip coating of metal pieces, were developped for the growth of advanced metallurgical coatings. Two chromium metal organic sources have been employed under various ambience : Cr (CO)6 for coatings in the Cr-O-N-C system, and bisbenzenechromium for metal chromium, carbide (Cr-C) and nitride chromium (CrN) monolayer and CrN/Cr-C multilayer coatings with a typical 25 nm biperiod. A thermodynamic approach has permited the calculation of a new ternary phase diagram in the Cr-C-N system and the study of the solvent impact on the nature of the coatings in comparison with chemical systems without solvent. Preliminary mechanical properties from scratch test, nanoindentation and residual stress measurements as well as tribological and corrosion behavior of the mono and multilayer Cr-based coatings are discussed in relation with their microstructure. Nanostructured CrN/Cr-C multilayer coatings exhibit promising hardness and wear resistance.Des procĂ©dĂ©s atmosphĂ©riques de dĂ©pĂŽt chimique en phase vapeur assistĂ© par l'injection directe liquide (DLI-CVD), prometteurs pour traiter des piĂšces mĂ©talliques au dĂ©filĂ©, ont permis l'Ă©laboration Ă  basse tempĂ©rature de revĂȘtements mĂ©tallurgiques performants. Deux prĂ©curseurs organomĂ©talliques de chrome ont Ă©tĂ© employĂ©s dans diffĂ©rentes atmosphĂšres : Cr (CO)6 pour des dĂ©pĂŽts issus du systĂšme chimique Cr-O-N-C, et le bisbenzĂšnechrome pour des monocouches de chrome mĂ©tallique, de carbure (Cr-C) et de nitrure de chrome (CrN), ainsi que des multicouches CrN/Cr-C de bipĂ©riode 25 nm. Une approche thermodynamique a permis le calcul d'un nouveau diagramme ternaire Cr-N-C Ă  527°C, et l'Ă©tude de l'impact du solvant sur la nature et la qualitĂ© des dĂ©pĂŽts en comparaison avec les systĂšmes chimiques sans solvant. Les propriĂ©tĂ©s des revĂȘtements (duretĂ©, adhĂ©rence, usure, corrosion) sont discutĂ©es en relation avec leur microstructure. Les revĂȘtements multicouches nanostructurĂ©s CrN/Cr-C prĂ©sentent des duretĂ©s et une tenue Ă  l'usure prometteuses
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