22,351 research outputs found
Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition of 2D van der Waals materials-The challenges and the extensive future opportunities
The last decade has witnessed significant progress in two-dimensional van der Waals (2D vdW) materials research; however, a number of challenges remain for their practical applications. The most significant challenge for 2D vdW materials is the control of the early stages of nucleation and growth of the material on preferred surfaces to eventually create large grains with digital thickness controllability, which will enable their incorporation into high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices. This Perspective discusses the technical challenges to be overcome in the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth of 2D group 6 transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) atomic crystals and their heterostructures, as well as future research aspects in vdW epitaxy for 2D TMDs via MOCVD. In addition, we encourage the traditional MOCVD community to apply their expertise in the field of "2D vdW materials," which will continue to grow at an exponential rate
Asymmetrically interacting spreading dynamics on complex layered networks
The spread of disease through a physical-contact network and the spread of
information about the disease on a communication network are two intimately
related dynamical processes. We investigate the asymmetrical interplay between
the two types of spreading dynamics, each occurring on its own layer, by
focusing on the two fundamental quantities underlying any spreading process:
epidemic threshold and the final infection ratio. We find that an epidemic
outbreak on the contact layer can induce an outbreak on the communication
layer, and information spreading can effectively raise the epidemic threshold.
When structural correlation exists between the two layers, the information
threshold remains unchanged but the epidemic threshold can be enhanced, making
the contact layer more resilient to epidemic outbreak. We develop a physical
theory to understand the intricate interplay between the two types of spreading
dynamics.Comment: 29 pages, 14 figure
Electronic and phonon excitations in {\alpha}-RuCl
We report on THz, infrared reflectivity and transmission experiments for wave
numbers from 10 to 8000 cm ( 1 meV - 1 eV) and for temperatures
from 5 to 295 K on the Kitaev candidate material {\alpha}-RuCl. As reported
earlier, the compound under investigation passes through a first-order
structural phase transition, from a monoclinic high-temperature to a
rhombohedral low-temperature phase. The phase transition shows an extreme and
unusual hysteretic behavior, which extends from 60 to 166 K. In passing this
phase transition, in the complete frequency range investigated we found a
significant reflectance change, which amounts almost a factor of two. We
provide a broadband spectrum of dielectric constant, dielectric loss and
optical conductivity from the THz to the mid infrared regime and study in
detail the phonon response and the low-lying electronic density of states. We
provide evidence for the onset of an optical energy gap, which is of order 200
meV, in good agreement with the gap derived from measurements of the DC
electrical resistivity. Remarkably, the onset of the gap exhibits a strong blue
shift on increasing temperatures.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figure
Real-time observation of intramolecular proton transfer in the electronic ground state of chloromalonaldehyde: An ab initio study of time-resolved photoelectron spectra
The authors report on studies of time-resolved photoelectron spectra of intramolecular proton transfer in the ground state of chloromalonaldehyde, employing ab initio photoionization matrix elements and effective potential surfaces of reduced dimensionality, wherein the couplings of proton motion to the other molecular vibrational modes are embedded by averaging over classical trajectories. In the simulations, population is transferred from the vibrational ground state to vibrationally hot wave packets by pumping to an excited electronic state and dumping with a time-delayed pulse. These pump-dump-probe simulations demonstrate that the time-resolved photoelectron spectra track proton transfer in the electronic ground state well and, furthermore, that the geometry dependence of the matrix elements enhances the tracking compared with signals obtained with the Condon approximation. Photoelectron kinetic energy distributions arising from wave packets localized in different basins are also distinguishable and could be understood, as expected, on the basis of the strength of the optical couplings in different regions of the ground state potential surface and the Franck-Condon overlaps of the ground state wave packets with the vibrational eigenstates of the ion potential surface
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