Identifying drivers, barriers and opportunities for integrating disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in Indonesia : an analysis based on the earth system governance framework

Climate change is expected to increase the frequency, severity and intensity of disasters. Indonesia is known to be one of the countries most vulnerable to natural hazards. It is located in the “Pacific Ring of Fire”—a highly active geological area and scene of many incidents of volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. In addition, more than half of all disaster events in Indonesia are climate-related. There have been increasing and stronger propositions for integrated disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) to reduce vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change. This chapter utilises the Earth System Governance (ESG) framework to analyse the integration of DRR and CCA in Indonesia. Journal articles and organisational reports are reviewed. This chapter examines drivers, barriers and, most importantly, opportunities for institutional integration for DRR and CCA in Indonesia. It is argued that the Indonesian government’s institutional capacity and arrangements can be both the main barrier and driver for integration. It is established that the main barrier to integration is at the national government level where separation of government organisations and sectoral ministries leads to uncoordinated planning for CCA and DRR. Strong relationships between key government organisations in DRR and non-governmental and international organisations involved both in DRR and CCA hold the key to integration of policy and practice. Moreover, opportunity for integration is even greater at the local government and community level. However, more financial and technical support from the national, international and non-government sectors is needed at the local level in order to make use of this opportunity.Firstly published in the online conference CLIMATE 201117 page(s

Decarbonization Pathways in Southeast Asia: New Results for Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam

Southeast Asia is one of the most vulnerable regions of the world to the impacts of climate change. At the same time, the region is also following a trajectory that could make it a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in the future. Understanding the economic implications of policy options for low carbon growth is essential to formulate instruments that achieve the greatest emissions reductions at lowest cost. This study focuses on five developing countries of Southeast Asia that collectively account for 90% of regional emissions in recent years—Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam. The analyses are based on the CGE economy-energy-environment model ICES under an array of scenarios reflecting business as usual, fragmented climate policies, an approximately 2.4°C post 2020 global climate stabilization target, termed 650 parts per million (ppm) carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent (eq), and an approximately 2°C global target (termed 500 ppm CO2 eq). Averted deforestation through reducing emissions from forest degradation and deforestation (REDD) is included in some scenarios. The study shows that global and coordinated action is found to be critical to the cost effectiveness of emissions stabilization policies. A 650ppm stabilization scenario (below 3°C in 2100) has a similar cost to the region to current fragmented targets, but achieves much higher levels of emissions reductions. However, only some of the countries have short-term emissions targets that are consistent with a stabilization scenario at 650ppm: these are Indonesia, Philippines and Viet Nam. None of the countries’ mid-term targets are coherent with more ambitious stabilization scenario at 500ppm