ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY AND THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF MODIFIED ARJUNARISHTA ON ISOPROTERENOL-INDUCED MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN RATS

Objective: Ayurvedic formulation derived phytomedicine could bring a specific remedy against myocardial infarction (MI) without any side effects. Arjunarishta is a cardio tonic that nourishes and strengthens the myocardial muscle and promotes cardiac function. The preparation of Arjunarishta is modified and it does not involve fermentation. So it is alcohol-free and safe to all age groups. The study of acute toxicity and therapeutic activity of Modified Arjunarishta (MA) in isoproterenol (IPN) induced MI in rats was conducted to bring scientific evidence. Methods: Acute toxicity study: Mice are divided into three groups. Group I-control group; Group II and group III were test groups and they received an oral dose of 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg of MA, respectively. The experimental mice were observed for behaviour changes and clinical signs. Their body weight was also recorded. At the end of the experiment, blood sample was collected and glucose, liver function test (LFT), renal function test (RFT) and haematology parameters were analysed. Then they also subjected to gross pathological examination of all the major internal organs. Therapeutic study: Rats were divided into six groups. Group 1-normal control; Group 2 (induced)-IPN 85 mg/kg for the first two days; Group 3 (MA low dose)-received IPN as per group 2 followed by MA 200 mg/kg from the 3rd day to the end of the experiment; Group 4 (MA medium dose)-400 mg/kg; Group 5 (MA high dose)-600 mg/kg; Group 6 (Standard)-IPN as per group 2 followed by Arjunarishta 2 ml/kg body weight from the 3rd day to the end of the experiment. The collected serum sample was used for the estimation of myocardium-expressed proinflammatory cytokines. Heart tissue was homogenized for the estimation of calcium and lipid profile. Results: Acute toxicity: There were no signs of toxicity and no significant change in body weight. The value of glucose, RFT, LFT and haematological parameters are remained normal. Histopathological report showed normal architecture. Therapeutic activity: In the heart samples, significantly (p<0.001) increased cholesterol, Triglyceride (TGL), Free Fatty acids (FFA) and calcium in IPN induced groups was noted. They are all significantly (p<0.001) decreased in MA administrated groups of three different groups. In serum sample, a significantly (p<0.001) increased cytokines of Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), Interlukins (IL-6, IL-1α and IL-1β) in IPN induced rats was recorded were as they get significantly (p<0.001) decreased in MA administrated groups of three different doses. Conclusion: The results obtained from the acute toxicity experiment concluded that MA was found to be safe for oral administration. The therapeutic experiment results clearly emphasize the beneficial action of MA against IPN induced MI in rats

STANDARDISATION AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF TRADITIONAL FORMULATION

Objective: The main objective of this study is to standardise and evaluate traditional formulation both qualitatively and quantitatively on the basis of organoleptic characteristics, physical characteristics, physiochemical properties and phytochemical screening.Methods: Traditional formulation (TF) containing seven traditionally used herbs were collected from local areas and market. The plants were washed, air-dried and coarsely powdered. The aqueous extract was prepared as per literature, and various physiochemical, phytochemical screening was done.Results: The organoleptic character shows the drug with greenish colour, slightly bitter taste and characteristic odour. The physiochemical properties show the appropriate pH and the solubility of TF. Secondary metabolites like phenolic compounds and flavonoids are present abundantly in aqueous extract than in other extracts.Conclusion: Our studies suggests that TF contains medicinally important secondary metabolites which has disease protective properties. This study will help in the progression of a suitable monograph, determining the quality and purity of a crude extract and laying down pharmacopoeia standards for the formulation

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF TRADITIONAL SIDDHA FORMULATION ON CCL4 INDUCED LIVER FIBROSIS IN RATS

Objective: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Traditional Siddha Formulation (TSF) on CCl4 induced liver fibrosis in rats.Methods: In this study, plant materials were collected, shade dried, mixed in equal proportion and extraction process was done to prepare TSF. Liver injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 1 ml/kg body weight of both CCl4 and olive oil (2:3 v/v) mixture weekly twice for 8 w. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid peroxides (LPO), protein carbonyl (PC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), Vitamin C (VIT C), Vitamin E (VIT E), GSH and Total thiols (TTS) were measured in the liver of experimental rats. Histopathological changes in the liver of experimental rats were assessed for each group using hematoxylin and eosinResults: At the end of the 8-week experimental period, histopathological examination was demonstrated which indicates TSF could attenuate the inflammation and reduced the score of liver fibrosis. The administration of TSF significantly decreased the levels of TBARS (4.11±0.09, p˂0.01), LPO (53.15±0.79, p˂0.01), PC (7.31±0.26, p˂0.01) and significantly increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD (7.10±0.16, p˂0.01), CAT (62.14±1.61, p˂0.01), GPx (90.79±1.05, p˂0.01), GR (144.06±1.61, p˂0.01), GSH (35.24±0.82, p˂0.01), VIT C (3.29±0.10, p˂0.01), VIT E (2.42±0.14, p˂0.01) and TTS (15.15±0.21, p˂0.01). Conclusion: TSF inhibits CCl4 intoxicated hepatic fibrosis in Wistar Albino rats which may be due to the action of synergistically active phytochemicals present in the formulation. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant enzyme levels were found to be increased in the treatment group which may be related to the therapeutic effect of TSF

BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF TRADITIONAL SIDDHA FORMULATION ON CCL4 INDUCED LIVER FIBROSIS IN RATS

ABSTRACTObjective:The main objective of this study is to evaluate therapeutic activity of traditional siddha formulation on CCl4 induced liver fibrosis in rats.Methods:Plant materials collected, shade dried, mixed equal proportion. This mixture was used for extract or kasayam preparation. Twenty four male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups of six rats each. The normal control group was allowed free access to food and water. Drug control group was allowed to daily intragastric administration of traditional siddha formulation 400mg per kg b.wt per day. Liver damage was performed in the remaining two groups with an i.p.injection of a 1.0 mL/kg b.wt CCl4 and olive oil (2:3 v/v) mixture, twice weekly for 8 weeks. All rats, with the exception of the injury model group, were intragastrically administered traditional siddha formulation (TSF) dosage 400 mg/ kg b.wt /day from 5th week to end of experiment of CCl4 intoxicated rats. The serum levels of hepatic markers and hydroxyproline (Hyp) in the rat livers were measured. Histopathological changes in the liver were assessed for each group using H&E staining and Masson Trichrome examination.Results:Traditional siddha formulation significantly reverse the liver function in CCl4 intoxicated rats correlate with both biochemical and histopathological changesConclusion:Traditional siddha formulation a promising drug for treating liver fibrosis.Keywords: Traditional siddha formulation, Liver fibrosis, CCl4 and Vaithiyar