Vinificação de uvas tintas | Vinificação de uvas brancas.

Este folder informativo trata do processo de vinificação de uvas tintas e brancas, ou seja, o conjunto de operações técnicas que transformam as uvas em vinho. Aborda todas as fases do processo, deste a higienização de equipamentos e colheita das uvas até a filtração e o engarrafamento do vinho.bitstream/item/228533/1/ELAB-VINHO-2021.pdfColaboradores: IFRS - Bento Gonçalves, EMATER/RS e ASCAR

Antifungal Activity against Candida Biofilms

Candida species have two distinct lifestyles: planktonic, and surface-attached communities called biofilms. Mature C. albicans biofilms show a complex three-dimensional architecture with extensive spatial heterogeneity, and consist of a dense network of yeast, hyphae, and pseudohyphae encased within a matrix of exopolymeric material. Several key processes are likely to play vital roles at the dif- ferent stages of biofilm development, such as cell-substrate and cell-cell adherence, hyphal devel- opment, and quorum sensing. Biofilm formation is a survival strategy, since biofilm yeasts are more resistant to antifungals and environmental stress. Antifungal resistance is a multifactorial process that includes multidrug efflux pumps, target proteins of the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway. Most studies agree in presenting azoles as agents with poor activity against Candida spp. biofilms. However, recent studies have demonstrated that echinocandins and amphotericin B exhibit remarkable activity against C. albicans and Candida non-albicans biofilms. The association of Candida species with biofilm for- mation increases the therapeutic complexity of foreign body-related yeast infections. The traditional approach to the management of these infections has been to explant the affected device. There is a strong medical but also economical motivation for the development of novel anti-fungal biofilm strate- gies due to the constantly increasing resistance of Candida biofilms to conventional antifungals, and the high mortality caused by related infections. A better description of the extent and role of yeast in biofilms may be critical for developing novel therapeutic strategies in the clinical setting

Internal insulation with integrated radiant wall panels: Innovative Inner Insulation

Recently in energy retrofit solutions for the built heritage an increasing interest towards the inner shell insulation is arising. In many cases these solutions borrow techniques and products from the most consolidated solutions of outer shell insulation, often revealing difficulties in execution and control of the results. Inner shell insulation is a developing and improving intervention field, both on technical side and on productive one. In order to hold down work costs and duration and to ensure the required level of energy performance, minimizing installation and setup errors, the research and the market are orienting towards integrated solutions. One of the most interesting features, being checked, is the chance to refurbish inner spaces, whether with residential or tertiary function, without taking occupiers away from the building. The aim of the paper is to describe the purpose, the methodology and the former outcomes of a research project, granted by E.U., aimed to experiment an innovative, integrated and active insulation system applied to the inner side of the building envelope. The I.I.I. (Innovative Inner Insulation) project is an industrial research and experimental development national project, which is conducted by three public research universities and three private technical partners selected between small and medium Italian enterprises. The research project allows to perform specific and systematized interventions in a flexible, integrated and active way according to a cross-curricular method. The system consists of a preassembled dry-laid panel, in which structure, thermal and acoustic insulation, heating plant and possible finish coat are integrated: it is concerned with processing techniques of semifinished and stratified products, as used in cooled transport containers industry. Choosing a radiant wall heating causes a chance to integrate passive insulation with an active energy contribution at low temperature. The paper aims to point out in particular the operating procedures and the outcomes of the experimental phase. As a first step the technical solution was tested in laboratory and at a later stage in two sample-rooms within a pilot construction site in Turin, which will convert one of the buildings facing Piazza Carlo Emanuele II, called “ex Casa Gramsci”, into an hotel. The on-site trial includes the monitoring in sequence of the energy performances of the envelope and final checks through modeling, to develop production and setup process in order to patent the I.I.I. system

The Unfolded Protein Response Is Induced by the Cell Wall Integrity Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Signaling Cascade and Is Required for Cell Wall Integrity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The yeast cell wall is an extracellular structure that is dependent on secretory and membrane proteins for its construction. We investigated the role of protein quality control mechanisms in cell wall integrity and found that the unfolded protein response (UPR) and, to a lesser extent, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) pathways are required for proper cell wall construction. Null mutation of IRE1, double mutation of ERAD components (hrd1Δ and ubc7Δ) and ire1Δ, or expression of misfolded proteins show phenotypes similar to mutation of cell wall proteins, including hypersensitivity to cell wall-targeted molecules, alterations to cell wall protein layer, decreased cell wall thickness by electron microscopy, and increased cellular aggregation. Consistent with its important role in cell wall integrity, UPR is activated by signaling through the cell wall integrity mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway during cell wall stress and unstressed vegetative growth. Both cell wall stress and basal UPR activity is mediated by Swi6p, a regulator of cell cycle and cell wall stress gene transcription, in a manner that is independent of its known coregulatory molecules. We propose that the cellular responses to ER and cell wall stress are coordinated to buffer the cell against these two related cellular stresses

Risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome after 2010-2011 influenza vaccination.

Influenza vaccination has been implicated in Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS) although the evidence for this link is controversial. A case-control study was conducted between October 2010 and May 2011 in seven Italian Regions to explore the relation between influenza vaccination and GBS. The study included 176 GBS incident cases aged ≥18 years from 86 neurological centers. Controls were selected among patients admitted for acute conditions to the Emergency Department of the same hospital as cases. Each control was matched to a case by sex, age, Region and admission date. Two different analyses were conducted: a matched case-control analysis and a self-controlled case series analysis (SCCS). Case-control analysis included 140 cases matched to 308 controls. The adjusted matched odds ratio (OR) for GBS occurrence within 6 weeks after influenza vaccination was 3.8 (95 % CI: 1.3, 10.5). A much stronger association with gastrointestinal infections (OR = 23.8; 95 % CI 7.3, 77.6) and influenza-like illness or upper respiratory tract infections (OR = 11.5; 95 % CI 5.6, 23.5) was highlighted. The SCCS analysis included all 176 GBS cases. Influenza vaccination was associated with GBS, with a relative risk of 2.1 (95 % CI 1.1, 3.9). According to these results the attributable risk in adults ranges from two to five GBS cases per 1,000,000 vaccinations