Integrated First And Second Generation Ethanol Production From Sugarcane

Efficient conversion of biomass into energy resources remains one of the biggest challenges faced by humanity in the search for a sustainable energy future. Bioethanol, the most important biofuel, currently produced from first generation feedstock like sugarcane may also be produced from lignocellulosic materials like sugarcane bagasse and straw, which are not a primary food source. Efficient technologies for production of lignocellulosic (or second generation) ethanol, however, are still under development, and challenges concerning its technical, economic and environmental feasibility remain to be solved. Integration of first and second generation ethanol production processes can be more economical, efficient and present lower environmental impacts than stand-alone second generation; thus, integrated first and second generation ethanol production can improve the feasibility of lignocellulosic ethanol and foster its industrial implementation. In this study the integrated production of first and second generation ethanol from sugarcane, including some of its technical, economic and environmental aspects are discussed. The biochemical route for second generation ethanol production, comprised by feedstock pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, is taken as an example. Features of both first and second generation processes that are required to promote an adequate integration are discussed, providing guidance for development of experimental works, especially in second generation process. 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(2011) Bioresource Technology, 102, pp. 8964-8971. , DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.098Dias, M.O.S., Modesto, M., Ensinas, A.V., Nebra, S.A., Maciel Filho, R., Rossell, C.E.V., Improving bioethanol production from sugarcane: Evaluation of distillation, thermal integration and cogeneration systems (2011) Energy, 36, pp. 3691-3703. , DOI:10.1016/j.energy.2010.09.024Dias, M.O.S., Junqueira, T.L., Jesus, C.D.F., Rossell, C.E.V., Maciel Filho, R., Bonomi, A., Improving second generation ethanol production through optimization of first generation production process from sugarcane (2012) Energy, 43, pp. 246-252. , DOI:10.1016/j.energy.2012.04.034Dias, M.O.S., Junqueira, T.L., Jesus, C.D.F., Rossell, C.E.V., Maciel Filho, R., Bonomi, A., Improving bioethanol production-Comparison between extractive and low temperature fermentation (2012) Applied Energy, 98, pp. 548-555. , DOI:10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.04.030Dias, M.O.S., Junqueira, T.L., Rossell, C.E.V., Maciel Filho, R., Bonomi, A., Evaluation of process configurations for second generation integrated with first generation bioethanol production from sugarcane (2013) Fuel Processing Technology, 109, pp. 84-89. , DOI:10.1016/j.fuproc.2012.09.041Dias, M.O.S., Junqueira, T.L., Cavalett, O., Cunha, M.P., Jesus, C.D.F., Mantelatto, P.E., Rossell, C.E.V., Bonomi, A., Cogeneration in integrated first and second generation ethanol from sugarcane (2013) Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 91, pp. 1411-1417. , DOI:10.1016/j.cherd.2013.05.009Furlan, F.F., Costa, C.B.B., Fonseca, G.D.C., Soares, R.D.P., Secchi, A.R., Cruz, A.J.G., Giordano, R.D.C., Assessing the production of first and second generation bioethanol from sugarcane through the integration of global optimization and process detailed modelling (2012) Computers & Chemical Engineering, 43, pp. 1-9. , DOI:10.1016/j.compchemeng.2012.04.002Granbio, Company Information, 2013. , www.granbio.com.br, Accessed 07/12/2013Junqueira, T.L., Dias, M.O.S., Maciel Filho, R., Wolf Maciel, M.R., Rossell, C.E.V., Atala, D.I.P., Proposition of alternative configurations of the distillation columns for bioethanol production using vacuum extractive fermentation process (2009) Chemical Engineering Transactions, 17, pp. 1627-1632. , DOI: 10.3303/CET0917272Junqueira, T.L., Dias, M.O.S., Jesus, C.D.F., Mantelatto, P.E., Cunha, M.P., Cavalett, O., Maciel Filho, R., Bonomi, A., Simulation and evaluation of autonomous and annexed sugarcane distilleries (2011) Chemical Engineering Transactions, 25, pp. 941-946. , DOI: 10.3303/CET1125157Kokossis, A.C., Yang, A., On the use of systems technologies and a systematic approach for the synthesis and the design of future biorefineries (2010) Computers & Chemical Engineering, 34, pp. 1397-1405Mariano, A.P., Dias, M.O.S., Junqueira, T.L., Cunha, M.P., Bonomi, A., Maciel Filho, R., Utilization of pentoses from sugarcane biomass: Techno-economics of biogas vs. Butanol production (2013) Bioresource Technology, 142, pp. 390-399. , DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.052Palacios-Bereche, R., Ensinas, A.V., Nebra, S.A., Energy consumption in ethanol production by enzymatic hydrolysis-The integration with the conventional process using pinch analysis (2011) Chemical Engineering Transactions, 24, pp. 1189-1194. , DOI: 10.3303/CET1124199Palacios-Bereche, R., Mosqueira-Salazar, K.J., Modesto, M., Ensinas, A.V., Nebra, S.A., Serra, L.M., Lozano, M.-A., Exergetic analysis of the integrated first-and second-generation ethanol production from sugarcane (2013) Energy, 62, pp. 46-61. , DOI:10.1016/j.energy.2013.05.010Stephen, J.D., Mabee, W.E., Saddler, J.N., Will second-generation ethanol be able to compete with first-generation ethanol? Opportunities for cost reduction (2012) Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining, 6, pp. 159-176. , DOI: 10.1002/bbb.331www.unica.com.br/noticia/2981091792031156797/associadas-da-unica-mais- proximas-de-produziretanol-celulosico, UNICA, 2013. UNICA associates closer to second generation ethanol production (in Portuguese)., Accessed 07/12/2013Walter, A., Ensinas, A.V., Combined production of second-generation biofuels and electricity from sugarcane residues (2010) Energy, 35, pp. 874-879. , DOI:10.1016/j.energy.2009.07.03

Simulation Of The Azeotropic Distillation For Anhydrous Bioethanol Production: Study On The Formation Of A Second Liquid Phase

Bioethanol is produced from fermentation of sugars, what produces a dilute solution (around 10 wt% ethanol). Because water and ethanol form an azeotrope with concentration of 95.6 wt% ethanol at 1 arm, an alternative separation process such as azeotropic distillation must be employed to produce anhydrous bioethanol, which can be used in a mixture with gasoline. In this work, simulations of three different configurations of the azeotropic distillation process with cyclohexane for anhydrous bioethanol production were carried out using software Aspen Plus. Process parameters were optimized in order to decrease the formation of a second liquid phase inside the column. Ethanol and entrainer losses as well as energy demand were evaluated. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.27C11431148Higler, A., Chande, R., Taylor, R., Baur, R., Krishna, R., Nonequilibrium modeling of threephase distillation (2004) Computers and Chemical Engineering, 28, pp. 2021-2036Mortaheb, H., Kosuge, H., Simulation and optimization of heterogeneous azeotropic distillation process with a rate-based model (2004) Chemical Engineering and Processing, 43, pp. 317-32

Life Cycle Assessment Of Butanol Production In Sugarcane Biorefineries In Brazil

Butanol production by the sugarchemistry route (fermentation of sugarcane juice) was evaluated considering different arrangements for its process integration in sugarcane biorefineries: first and second generation butanol production using acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation with wild and genetically modified microorganisms. The whole production chain was investigated, from the agricultural stage, through transportation of sugarcane and vinasse, to the industrial process and butanol final use when applicable. Life cycle inventories and mass and energy balances for the industrial stage were taken from computer process simulation obtained from the literature. Butanol production from bagasse and straw pentoses using genetically modified microorganism presents the best environmental performance among the investigated technological scenarios. Comparison with the oil-based production route and use as liquid fuel for vehicles evidenced environmental advantages for bio-based butanol in terms of global environmental impacts, such as abiotic depletion, global warming and ozone layer depletion potentials. Additionally, the introduction of butanol and the by-product acetone to the product portfolio of biorefineries led to increased revenues in comparison to base scenarios, which can ultimately help to mitigate environmental impacts of the biorefinery in monetary terms. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Optimization Of Bioethanol Distillation Process Evaluation Of Different Configurations Of The Fermentation Process

Process simulation was used to analyze bioethanol distillation process, which requires a large amount of thermal energy. As it is shown in this study, in the ethanol production process the fermentation stage has a significant impact on energy consumption in the purification step. Thus, alternative configurations in the fermentation and distillation processes were proposed and evaluated. The results showed that vacuum extractive fermentation coupled with triple effect distillation presented the lowest energy demand among the studied configurations. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.27C18931898D.I.P. Atala, 2004, PhD Thesis, School of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas, 2004Balat, M., Balat, H., Öz, C., Progress in bioethanol processing (2008) Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 34, pp. 551-573Bui, S., Verykios, X., Mutharasan, R., Situ removal of ethanol from fermentation broths. 1. Selective adsorption characteristics (1985) Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev, 24 (4), pp. 1209-1213Franceschin, G., Zamboni, A., Bezzo, F., Bertucco, A., Ethanol from com: A technical and economical assessment based on different scenarios (2008) Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 86, pp. 488-498Macedo, I.C., Seabra, J.E.A., Silva, J.E.A.R., Green house gases emissions in the production and use of ethanol from sugarcane (2008) Biomass and Bioenergy, 32 (7), pp. 582-595. , Brazil: The 2005/2006 averages and a prediction for 2020Silva, F.L.H., Rodrigues, M.I., Maugeri, F., Dynamic modelling, simulation and optimization of an extractive continuous alcoholic fermentation process (1999) J Chem. Tech Biotech, 74, pp. 176-182Sobocan, G., Glavic, P., Optimization of ethanol fermentation process design (2000) Applied Thermal Engineering, 20 (6), pp. 529-543. , DOI 10.1016/S1359-4311(99)00042-

Improving Bioethanol Production - Comparison Between Extractive And Low Temperature Fermentation

One of the key issues that must be addressed in the biofuel production based on sugarcane industry is the energy consumption of the process. Process energy demand has direct impact on the amount of lignocellulosic material available for use as feedstock for second generation ethanol production. A significant fraction of the energy consumption in bioethanol production occurs in the purification step, since conventional fermentation systems employed in the industry require low substrate concentration and, consequently, produce wine of low (around 8.5 °GL) ethanol content that must be distilled in order to meet product specifications. In this study alternatives to the conventional fermentation processes employed in the industry (low temperature fermentation and vacuum extractive fermentation) were assessed, in the context of a large scale sugarcane autonomous distillery, through computer simulation. Electricity consumption and lignocellulosic material surplus on each case were evaluated. It is shown that the alternative fermentation processes allow a significant reduction on vinasse generation and increases ethanol production when compared with conventional fermentation, but increases electricity consumption (for the extractive fermentation) or steam consumption (for low temperature fermentation); when vinasse concentration is considered in the conventional process, steam consumption in the extractive fermentation is also significantly smaller. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.98548555Balat, M., Balat, H., Recent trends in global production and utilization of bio-ethanol fuel (2009) Appl Energy, 86, pp. 2273-2282Gauder, M., Graeff-Hönninger, S., Claupein, W., The impact of a growing bioethanol industry on food production in Brazil (2011) Appl Energy, 88, pp. 672-679Börjesson, P., Good or bad bioethanol from a greenhouse gas perspective - what determines this? 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Improving Second Generation Ethanol Production Through Optimization Of First Generation Production Process From Sugarcane

Sugarcane bagasse and trash may be used as feedstock for second generation ethanol production. Production of second generation ethanol integrated with first generation plants processing sugarcane presents several advantages over the stand-alone second generation ethanol production process; however, bagasse is used as fuel to supply the energy demand of the first generation process, so the amount of bagasse and trash available for use as feedstock in second generation depends on the energy consumption of the integrated process. Therefore, process optimization leading to reduction in steam consumption will lead to the production of larger amounts of surplus bagasse. In this study the introduction of process improvements in the first generation autonomous distillery processing sugarcane were assessed through simulation using Aspen Plus. Second generation ethanol production was integrated to the optimized scenarios. 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Simulation Of Integrated First And Second Generation Bioethanol Production From Sugarcane: Comparison Between Different Biomass Pretreatment Methods

Sugarcane bagasse is used as a fuel in conventional bioethanol production, providing heat and power for the plant; therefore, the amount of surplus bagasse available for use as raw material for second generation bioethanol production is related to the energy consumption of the bioethanol production process. Pentoses and lignin, byproducts of the second generation bioethanol production process, may be used as fuels, increasing the amount of surplus bagasse. In this work, simulations of the integrated bioethanol production process from sugarcane, surplus bagasse and trash were carried out. Selected pre-treatment methods followed, or not, by a delignification step were evaluated. The amount of lignocellulosic materials available for hydrolysis in each configuration was calculated assuming that 50% of sugarcane trash is recovered from the field. 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