RESEARCH ON ADDITIONAL FERTILIZATION IN EARLY POTATO CROP ON SAND SOIL

The early potato is one of the most profitable crops. It must be cultivated only in those areas where the environmental factors are favorable for achieving large productions, and the southern area of Oltenia meets the necessary conditions required by the plant's biology. The researches followed the efficiency of the foliar fertilization as well as the behavior of the early potato plants regarding the realized production, depending on the administered dose. The use of foliar fertilizers on early potato has led to increased yields in all variants. By applying the ATON ZN product, the production of tubers achieved in 2021, of 36266 Kg/ha, was superior to the untreated control by 11100 Kg/ha, which means an increase of 44.1%. By applying the SEACTIV SILVER product, the production of tubers achieved in 2021, of 32166 Kg/ha, was superior to the untreated control by 7000 Kg/ha, which means an increase of 27.8%. The increase in production was achieved due to the increase in the average weight of the tubers from the variant treated with SEACTIV SILVER, which was statistically assured as distinctly significant positive

RESULTS REGARDING THE TOLERANCE TO THERMO-HYDRIC STRESS OF SOME POTATO LINES CULTIVATED ON THE SANDY SOILS FROM THE SOUTH OF OLTENIA

In this paper are presented the results regarding the physiological reactions of the 11 potato lines studied, on vegetation phenophases, in order to determine their tolerance to the thermo-hydric stress characteristic of the sandy soils area in the south of Oltenia. During the vegetation period, determinations were made with the LC Pro SD portable device, which focused on active solar radiation in photosynthesis, photosynthesis rate, air temperature, leaf transpiration rate and correlations established between these physiological parameters, specific climatic conditions of 2020 and production of potatoes obtained under these conditions. Between the physiological processes of photosynthesis and foliar transpiration, registered at RDSPCS Dăbuleni, a positive, distinctly significant correlation was established. The lines with higher tolerance to thermo-hydric stress showed an intense assimilation, directly proportional to the intensity of foliar transpiration. Lines L 15-1876 / 7 and L 18-1828 / 6 were noted in this regard. At the opposite pole, the lowest physiological activity was recorded on the lines L 1901/11 and L 1901/6

ASPECTS REGARDING THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN SOME LOCAL POPULATIONS OF CAPSICUM ANNUUM SSP. GROSSUM UNDER STRESS CONDITIONS

In this paper are presented results regarding the physiological behavior of some local populations of Capsicum annuum ssp. grossum, cultivated compared to the control variety Cornel on sandy soils from the Research and Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands, Dăbuleni. The researches focused on the effects of thermal stress on the processes of photosynthesis and foliar transpiration, as well as on the productions made in pepper culture. The results obtained underlined the importance of correlating the physiological processes in pepper plants with environmental factors and the yields obtained. Under conditions of heat stress, all local populations analyzed showed values of photosynthesis above the values recorded at the control variant (Cornel variety). The water lost through foliar transpiration was efficiently recovered by the studied local populations, between transpiration and pepper production being established a positive correlation, significant from statistically point of view

RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZATIONS ON THE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF GRAIN SORGHUM IN THE CONDITIONS OF SANDY SOILS IN SOUTHERN OLTENIA

Research conducted at SCDCPN Dăbuleni in the period 2018-2019, regarding the influence of the fertilization system on the nutritional quality of grain sorghum, has revealed different results, due to both the applied fertilization and the climatic conditions of the study period. The most balanced biochemical composition of sorghum beans was obtained in the fertilized variant with N150P80 K80 + biostimulatory (ALBIT-40 ml / ha) (11.72% humidity, 13.50% protein, 906.39 kg / ha protein, 6714kg / ha grain production, 3.53% fat, 87 kg / hl hectolitric mass, 29g mass of 1000 grains). The amount of protein expressed as a percentage increased with the increase of the production but insignificant, and the quantity of protein expressed in kg / ha increased with the increase of the distinct grain production significantly. Regarding the influence of the study years, the best results were obtained in the climatic conditions of the year 2018, which was characterized by maximum average temperatures of 26.6 0C, in the summer months and with significant precipitations during the period May-July (106.6-195.2mm)

THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE CONDITIONS ON THE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF SOME POTATO LINES TESTED IN CULTURE ON SANDY SOILS FROM SOUTHERN OLTENIA

In this paper are presented the results regarding the biochemical composition of the 7 potato lines studied at Dăbuleni Research-Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands in conditions of thermo-hydric stress. The obtained results highlighted differentiations depending on the genotype and depending on the climatic conditions of the 2 years of study (2020-2021). A high content of total dry matter, above the average of 22.87% presented 4 of the 7 potato lines studied, the highest values being recorded at line L 1901/11 (27.09%). Starch, the main biochemical component of potato tubers, showed values between 12.86% in 2020 and 13.08% in 2021, the highest average values of starch content in tubers being determined in line L 1895/1. The vitamin C content was higher in all the lines studied in the climatic conditions of 2021 year

THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC FACTORS AND TECHNOLOGY IN SOME POTATO VARIETIES GROWN ON SANDY SOILS

Less favorable conditions on sandy soils in southern Oltenia limited number ofspecies and varieties grown in the area. Drought and high temperatures in recent years (maximum 430 C in air, ground 700 C) acted as dehydrating forces on plants, disrupting their metabolism.Very high air temperature in July and August at 30 to 38.40 C relative humidity decreased to 25%, high soil surface temperature and lack of rainfall during the growing season, producing an imbalance of the water balance of plants.Excessive sweating can dehydrate plants leaf level, close osteolele and diminish gasexchange in photosynthesis

CORRELATION BETWEEN FRESH MASS AND DRY MASS OF SOME MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANT SPECIES GROWN ON SANDY SOILS

From the old times the phytotherapy help  in ameliorating and treating of some ailments, this had highlith some medicinal and aromatic plants species to beeing cultivated to more areas. In Romania, more than 300 medicinal and aromatic plant species are known, the purpose of research from the RDSPCS Dabuleni being  to the promotion of some  medicinal and aromatic plants  species on sandy soils. So, the folllowin medicinal  and aromatic species with therapeutic value was studied: Salvia officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, Calendula officinalis, Hyssopus officinalis. Salvia officinalis due to its rich vitamin content, is considered a miraculous plant with healing properties. Lavandula angustifolia is used in natural medicine for various teas, oils and tinctures, but also in the cosmetic industry for perfumes, soaps and body lotions. Calendula officinalis is cultivated for its flowers due to its antiinflammatory, antiseptic, antimicrobial action. Hyssopus officinalis is a very precious plant for health due to the volatile oils and flavonoids in its composition. These species are studied to profitably capitalize on the ecopedological conditions specific to sandy soils in terms of production capacities and the active principles they contain compared to the forms existing in other areas of the country. Thus, during the study period, Salvia officinalis has registerred the highest yield of 14052 kg/ha fresh herb compared to the other studied species, with a dry yield of 4:1

THE STUDY OF THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PUMPKIN SEEDS (CUCURBITA MAXIMA DUCH.) CULTIVATED IN THE SOUTH OF OLTENIA

The aim of this study was to provide information on the physico-chemical characteristics of the seeds of pumpkin varieties and genotypes, grown on the sandy soils of southern Oltenia. Different physico-chemical characteristics of whole pumpkin seeds were analyzed. So, the length, width and thickness recorded, in the two years of the study, average values between 17.26 -20.58 mm; 11.06 - 11.74 mm; and 4.11 - 4.55 mm in 2021, respectively 17.64 - 22.10 mm; 10.67 -12.80 mm and 3.77 - 4.93 mm, in the year 2022. Seed weight, another characteristic determined, varied in the two years of the study between 0.26 – 0.32g (2021) and 0.25 – 0.46g (2022). Based on the measurements, sphericity and shape indices were calculated. Regarding the chemical composition of pumpkin seeds, in 2022 the content of moisture, protein and oil was determined

VARIABILITY OF GENETIC RESOURCES OF COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA) STUDIED IN THE SANDY SOIL CONDITIONS FROM ROMANIA

In order to achieve an efficient system of agriculture in sandy soils of southern Romania and promote sustainable agriculture, must be found that species of plants that are more easily to thermal-hydr conditions in this areas. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), is one of the plants which recover very well the specific climatic conditions of the area psamo-pelitic soils in southern Romania, being a plant resistant to drought, with reduced requirements to soil fertility.The results obtained during the 2009-2015 from Development Research Center for Plants Crops on Sands, Dabuleni, Romania, concerning the behavior of 144 genotypes of cowpea, revealed variability of the species, in terms of morphology and plant productivity. Of the 144 genotypes studied, 38% allow selection for obtaining varieties of cowpea for grains, 26% allow for selection of genotypes of cowpea for feed, and 36% allow selection of obtaining genotypes for green manure. Grain yield obtained from cowpea was negatively correlated with rainfall

THE RESEARCHS ON THE BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF POTATO TUBERS DEPENDING ON THE VARIETY AND THE WATER SUPPLY IN CONDITIONS OF SANDY SOILS IN SOUTHERN OLTENIA

Water is one of the most important factors for potato vegetation. From this point of view, potatoes has been classified among the plants sensible to water shortages, falling under our country from this point of view immediately after rice (Zanfirescu, 1977, quoted by Chichea, 2000). At CCDCPN Dăbuleni was studied an assortment of 14 potato varieties depending on the level water supply. The results show differences between the varieties studied and between levels of water supply within the same variety. They highlighted varieties: Astral, Magic, Tresor, Artemis, Robusta by a dry matter content of over 20%. The vitamin C content was more influenced by the variety in the study and less than the water supply. Best yields were obtained for varieties: Carrera (43.6 t / ha), Tresor (40.8 t / ha), Riviera (39.3 t / ha) on the ceiling irrigated at 80% of the interval active moisture