2,141 research outputs found
CMB Distortions from Superconducting Cosmic Strings
We reconsider the effect of electromagnetic radiation from superconducting
strings on cosmic microwave background (CMB) mu- and y-distortions and derive
present (COBE-FIRAS) and future (PIXIE) constraints on the string tension,
mu_s, and electric current, I. We show that absence of distortions of the CMB
in PIXIE will impose strong constraints on mu_s and I, leaving the possibility
of light strings (G mu_s < 10^{-18}) or relatively weak currents (I < 10 TeV).Comment: 10pages, 5 figures, Submitted to PRD, v2:References added, replaced
to match the PRD versio
Recommended from our members
Semantic and inferencing abilities in children with communication disorders
Background: Semantic and inferencing abilities have not been fully examined in children with communication difficulties.
Aims: To investigate the inferential and semantic abilities of children with communication difficulties using newly designed tasks.
Methods & Procedures: Children with different types of communication disorder were compared with each other and with three groups of typically developing children: those of the same chronological age and two groups of younger children. In total, 25 children aged 11 years with specific language impairment and 22 children, also 11 years of age, with primary pragmatic difficulties were recruited. Typically developing groups aged 11 (nâ=â35; ageâmatch), and those aged 9 (nâ=â40) and 7 (nâ=â37; language similar) also participated as comparisons.
Outcomes & Results: For Semantic Choices, children with specific language impairment performed significantly more poorly than 9â and 11âyearâolds, whilst the pragmatic difficulties group scored significantly lower than all the typically developing groups. Borderline differences between specific language impairment and pragmatic difficulties groups were found. For inferencing, children with communication impairments performed significantly below the 11âyearâold peers, but not poorer than 9â and 7âyearâolds, suggesting that this skill is in line with language ability. Six children in the pragmatic difficulties group who met diagnosis for autism performed more poorly than the other two clinical groups on both tasks, but not statistically significantly so.
Conclusions: Both tasks were more difficult for those with communication impairments compared with peers. Semantic but not inferencing abilities showed a nonâsignificant trend for differences between the two clinical groups and children with pragmatic difficulties performed more poorly than all typically developing groups. The tasks may relate to each other in varying ways according to type of communication difficulty
An evolutionary model for GHz Peaked Spectrum Sources. Predictions for high frequency surveys
We have explored, in the general framework of the ``young source'' scenario,
evolutionary models for GHz Peaked Spectrum (GPS) galaxies and quasars which
reproduce the observed counts, redshift and peak frequency distributions of
currently available samples. Substantially different cosmological evolution
properties are found for the two populations: the quasar luminosity function
must evolve strongly up to , while the data on galaxies may be
consistent with no evolution. The models show that GPS sources (mostly quasars)
may comprise quite a significant fraction of bright (Jy) radio sources
at GHz if the intrinsic distribution of peak frequencies extends
up to GHz. In any case, however, their fraction decreases rapidly
with decreasing flux and their contribution to small scale fluctuations in the
frequency range covered by the forthcoming space missions MAP and Planck
Surveyor is expected to be minor.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, A&A accepte
Axillary dissection vs. No axillary dissection in breast cancer patients with positive sentinel lymph node: A single institution experience
Spectroscopy of moderately high-redshift RCS-1 clusters
We present spectroscopic observations of 11 moderately high-redshift (z~0.7-
1.0) clusters from the first Red-Sequence Cluster Survey (RCS-1). We find
excellent agreement between the red-sequence estimated redshift and the
spectroscopic redshift, with a scatter of 10% at z>0.7. At the high-redshift
end (z>~0.9) of the sample, we find two of the systems selected are projections
of pairs of comparably rich systems, with red-sequences too close to
discriminate in (R-z') colour. In one of these systems, the two components are
close enough to be physically associated. For a subsample of clusters with
sufficient spectroscopic members, we examine the correlation between B_gcR
(optical richness) and the dynamical mass inferred from the velocity
dispersion. We find these measurements to be compatible, within the relatively
large uncertainties, with the correlation established at lower redshift for the
X-ray selected CNOC1 clusters and also for a lower redshift sample of RCS-1
clusters. Confirmation of this and calibration of the scatter in the relation
will require larger samples of clusters at these and higher redshifts.
[abridged]Comment: AJ accepted. 30 pages, 7 figures (figure 5 reduced quality
A New Window on Primordial non-Gaussianity
We know very little about primordial curvature perturbations on scales
smaller than about a Mpc. Measurements of the mu-type distortion of the CMB
spectrum provide the unique opportunity to probe these scales over the
unexplored range from 50 to 10^4 Mpc^-1. This is a very clean probe, in that it
relies only on well-understood linear evolution. We point out that correlations
between mu-distortion and temperature anisotropies can be used to test
Gaussianity at these very small scales. In particular the mu-T cross
correlation is proportional to the very squeezed limit of the primordial
bispectrum and hence measures fNL^loc, while mu-mu is proportional to the
primordial trispectrum and measures tauNL. We present a Fisher matrix forecast
of the observational constraints.Comment: 5 pages, one figure. v2: added clarifying comments and references,
fixed typo
A Redshift Survey of Nearby Galaxy Groups: the Shape of the Mass Density Profile
We constrain the mass profile and orbital structure of nearby groups and
clusters of galaxies. Our method yields the joint probability distribution of
the density slope n, the velocity anisotropy beta, and the turnover radius r0
for these systems. The measurement technique does not use results from N-body
simulations as priors. We incorporate 2419 new redshifts in the fields of 41
systems of galaxies with z < 0.04. The new groups have median velocity
dispersion sigma=360 km/s. We also use 851 archived redshifts in the fields of
8 nearly relaxed clusters with z < 0.1. Within R < 2 r200, the data are
consistent with a single power law matter density distribution with slope n =
1.8-2.2 for systems with sigma < 470 km/s, and n = 1.6-2.0 for those with sigma
> 470 km/s (95% confidence). We show that a simple, scale-free phase space
distribution function f(E,L^2) ~ (-E)^(alpha-1/2) L^(-2 \beta) is consistent
with the data as long as the matter density has a cusp. Using this DF, matter
density profiles with constant density cores (n=0) are ruled out with better
than 99.7% confidence.Comment: 22 pages; accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa
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