Para-infectious brain injury in COVID-19 persists at follow-up despite attenuated cytokine and autoantibody responses

To understand neurological complications of COVID-19 better both acutely and for recovery, we measured markers of brain injury, inflammatory mediators, and autoantibodies in 203 hospitalised participants; 111 with acute sera (1–11 days post-admission) and 92 convalescent sera (56 with COVID-19-associated neurological diagnoses). Here we show that compared to 60 uninfected controls, tTau, GFAP, NfL, and UCH-L1 are increased with COVID-19 infection at acute timepoints and NfL and GFAP are significantly higher in participants with neurological complications. Inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-12p40, HGF, M-CSF, CCL2, and IL-1RA) are associated with both altered consciousness and markers of brain injury. Autoantibodies are more common in COVID-19 than controls and some (including against MYL7, UCH-L1, and GRIN3B) are more frequent with altered consciousness. Additionally, convalescent participants with neurological complications show elevated GFAP and NfL, unrelated to attenuated systemic inflammatory mediators and to autoantibody responses. Overall, neurological complications of COVID-19 are associated with evidence of neuroglial injury in both acute and late disease and these correlate with dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses acutely

Emergência de Haematobia Irritans nas massas fecais de bovinos das raças Nelore e Pantaneira no pantanal mato-grossense Emergence of Haematobia Irritans in feces of Nelore and Pantaneira breed in the pantanal mato-grossense, Brazil

Este trabalho foi realizado na Fazenda Nhumirim de propriedade da Embrapa-Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Pantanal, em Corumbá, MS, no período de 11/93 a 05/94, com coletas mensais de massas fecais de bovinos das raças Nelore e Pantaneira, com o objetivo de comparar o número de moscas-do-chifre nas duas raças e determinar qual das duas exerce maior atração sobre a mosca-do-chifre (Haematobia irritans). De 112 fezes bovinas recolhidas de cada raça, observou-se que em Nelore, 107 (95,5%) massas fecais apresentavam pupas de dípteros, e apenas 72 (64,3%) tinham pupas de H. irritans; na raça Pantaneira, das 105 (94,0%) massas fecais com pupas de dípteros apenas 60 (53,6%) apresentavam H. irritans. Os resultados das medições comparativas dos parâmetros comprimento, largura, diâmetro, altura e volume entre as massas fecais demonstraram que não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05). O número de pupas de dípteros coletadas nas massas fecais de bovinos da raça Pantaneira (n=2892) foi maior do que em Nelore (n=1715) (P<0,05). Em relação à H. irritans, observou-se maior número de pupas nas massas fecais de bovinos da raça Pantaneira (n=399) (P<0,05) do que em Nelore (n=237). As massas fecais dos Pantaneiros apresentavam também maior (P<0,05) número total de pupas por volume de fezes. Os resultados indicam que os bovinos da raça Pantaneira exercem maior atração sobre a mosca-do-chifre.<br>This study was carried out at Nhumirim farm, property of Embrapa-Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Pantanal, Corumbá, MS, Brazil, from 11/93 to 05/94, with manure samples of Nelore and Pantaneira breeds collected to compare the number of horn flies (Haematobia irritans) on manure samples of both bovine breeds. Out of the 112 bovine samples collected from each breed, 72 (64.3%) Nelore manure samples showed pupa of H. irritans; in Pantaneira, out of 105 (94%) manure samples with fly pupas, only 60 (53.6%) exhibited H. irritans. The results of comparative measurements of length, width, height and volume parameters among the manure samples, showed no significant difference (t test - P>0.05) between Nelore and Pantaneira breeds. The number of fly pupas collected from the manure samples of Pantaneira breed (n=2892) was higher than in Nelore breed (n=1715) (P<0.05). With relation to H. irritans, a higher number of pupas was observed in the manure samples of Pantaneira breed (n=399)(P<0.05) than in Nelore breed (n=237). The manure samples of Pantaneira also presented a higher (P<0.05) total number of pupas by feces volume. The Pantaneira breed showed higher attraction to horn flies