12,665 research outputs found
The Brutal Murder of George J. Bushman
In the fall of 1918 there occurred in Adams County a singularly brutal murder that brought the County and the town of Gettysburg to a shocked standstill. The tentacles of this event would reach into four Pennsylvania counties: Adams, Cumberland, Dauphin, and Philadelphia, and eventually the Pennsylvania Supreme Court. The investigation of the crime and the trial of the perpetrators involved so many public officials and families, as well as the extended judicial system and geographical locations within and without the County, that we have included a Cast of Characters and Locations to assist the reader in following this convoluted tale
The South African Textile Industry: Challenges and Opportunities
The full integration of the textile industry into GATT, which with some exceptions occurred on January 1, 2005, is likely to greatly impact the global textile and apparel industries. In particular,one prediction is that the South African industries are likely to be "decimated." The actual effect on these industries in an individual country will depend at least partly on the ability to take advantage of economies of scale and to be internationally competitive. In an endeavor to gain more insights into the future of these industries in South Africa, this study uses a cost function to investigate the presence of scale economies and the nature of input interrelationships. The findings include statistically significant economies of scale present in both industries and cross price elasticity estimates indicating that most inputs are substitutes for one another. The first result offers an opportunity to reduce unit costs, if these industries can grow their markets. However, lower prices on imported intermediate goods will likely decrease the demand for domestic inputs. The cross price elasticities of demand are relatively low in some cases, consistent with domestic input market rigidities and international trade restrictions. More recent data might bring findings of higher cross elasticities in the new international environment.South Africa, Textile Industry
NEW CHALLENGES FOR THE SOUTH AFRICAN TEXTILE AND APPAREL INDUSTRIES IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
The full integration of the textile industry into GATT, which with some exceptions occurred on January 1, 2005, is likely to greatly impact the global textile and apparel industries. In particular, one prediction is that the South African industries are likely to be ¡°decimated.¡± The actual effect on these industries will depend at least partly on the ability to take advantage of economies of scale and to be internationally competitive. In an endeavor to gain more insights into the future of these industries in South Africa, this study uses a cost function to investigate the presence of scale economies and the nature of input interrelationships. The findings include statistically significant economies of scale present in both industries and cross price elasticity estimates indicating that most inputs are substitutes for one another. The first result offers an opportunity to reduce unit costs if these industries can grow their markets. However, lower prices on imported intermediate goods will likely decrease the demand for domestic inputs. The cross price elasticities of demand are relatively low in some cases, consistent with domestic input market rigidities and international trade restrictions.South Africa, Textile Industry, Apparel Industry
NAFTA¡¯S IMPACT ON THE MEXICAN AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR
The findings discussed here are the outcome of continuing research on the Mexican automotive industry and include data for several years during which the NAFTA was in effect. Key results include strong evidence of constant returns to scale in both the automotive industry as a whole as well as the vehicle assembly industry and a finding that the period after NAFTA was implemented has been associated with lower production costs. In addition, these data support the conclusion that capital, labor, and foreign intermediate goods are all substitutes for one another, as are capital and domestic intermediate goods, but that labor and domestic intermediate goods are complements. While evidence was found to suggest some increased responsiveness in domestic markets to both foreign and domestic input prices, other results give reason for concern about continuing market impediments in Mexico.Mexico, Automotive Industry, NAFTA
Ionization--induced star formation V: Triggering in partially unbound clusters
We present the fourth in a series of papers detailing our SPH study of the
effects of ionizing feedback from O--type stars on turbulent star forming
clouds. Here, we study the effects of photoionization on a series of initially
partially unbound clouds with masses ranging from --M
and initial sizes from 2.5-45pc. We find that ionizing feedback profoundly
affects the structure of the gas in most of our model clouds, creating large
and often well-cleared bubble structures and pillars. However, changes in the
structures of the embedded clusters produced are much weaker and not well
correlated to the evolution of the gas. We find that in all cases, star
formation efficiencies and rates are reduced by feedback and numbers of objects
increased, relative to control simulations. We find that local triggered star
formation does occur and that there is a good correlation between triggered
objects and pillars or bubble walls, but that triggered objects are often
spatially-mixed with those formed spontaneously. Some triggered objects acquire
large enough masses to become ionizing sources themselves, lending support to
the concept of propagating star formation. We find scant evidence for spatial
age gradients in most simulations, and where we do see them, they are not a
good indicator of triggering, as they apply equally to spontaneously-formed
objects as triggered ones. Overall, we conclude that inferring the global or
local effects of feedback on stellar populations from observing a system at a
single epoch is very problematic.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures (mostly degraded to get under the submission
size limit), accepted by MNRA
Ionizing feedback from massive stars in massive clusters III: Disruption of partially unbound clouds
We extend our previous SPH parameter study of the effects of photoionization
from O-stars on star-forming clouds to include initially unbound clouds. We
generate a set of model clouds in the mass range M
with initial virial ratios =2.3, allow them to form
stars, and study the impact of the photoionizing radiation produced by the
massive stars. We find that, on the 3Myr timescale before supernovae are
expected to begin detonating, the fractions of mass expelled by ionizing
feedback is a very strong function of the cloud escape velocities. High-mass
clouds are largely unaffected dynamically, while lower-mass clouds have large
fractions of their gas reserves expelled on this timescale. However, the
fractions of stellar mass unbound are modest and significant portions of the
unbound stars are so only because the clouds themselves are initially partially
unbound. We find that ionization is much more able to create well-cleared
bubbles in the unbound clouds, owing to their intrinsic expansion, but that the
presence of such bubbles does not necessarily indicate that a given cloud has
been strongly influenced by feedback. We also find, in common with the bound
clouds from our earlier work, that many of the systems simulated here are
highly porous to photons and supernova ejecta, and that most of them will
likely survive their first supernova explosions.Comment: 14 pages, 13 figures (some degraded and greyscaled), accepted by
MNRA
Slave finite element for non-linear analysis of engine structures. Volume 2: Programmer's manual and user's manual
The programming aspects of SFENES are described in the User's Manual. The information presented is provided for the installation programmer. It is sufficient to fully describe the general program logic and required peripheral storage. All element generated data is stored externally to reduce required memory allocation. A separate section is devoted to the description of these files thereby permitting the optimization of Input/Output (I/O) time through efficient buffer descriptions. Individual subroutine descriptions are presented along with the complete Fortran source listings. A short description of the major control, computation, and I/O phases is included to aid in obtaining an overall familiarity with the program's components. Finally, a discussion of the suggested overlay structure which allows the program to execute with a reasonable amount of memory allocation is presented
Hands-on Gravitational Wave Astronomy: Extracting astrophysical information from simulated signals
In this paper we introduce a hands-on activity in which introductory
astronomy students act as gravitational wave astronomers by extracting
information from simulated gravitational wave signals. The process mimics the
way true gravitational wave analysis will be handled by using plots of a pure
gravitational wave signal. The students directly measure the properties of the
simulated signal, and use these measurements to evaluate standard formulae for
astrophysical source parameters. An exercise based on the discussion in this
paper has been written and made publicly available online for use in
introductory laboratory courses.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures; submitted to Am. J. Phy
Disc Clearing of Young Stellar Objects: Evidence for Fast Inside-out Dispersal
The time-scale over which and the modality by which young stellar objects
(YSOs) disperse their circumstellar discs dramatically influences the eventual
formation and evolution of planetary systems. By means of extensive radiative
transfer (RT) modelling, we have developed a new set of diagnostic diagrams in
the infrared colour-colour plane (K-[24] vs. K-[8]), to aid with the
classification of the evolutionary stage of YSOs from photometric observations.
Our diagrams allow the differentiation of sources with unevolved (primordial)
discs from those evolving according to different clearing scenarios (e.g.
homologous depletion vs. inside-out dispersal), as well as from sources that
have already lost their disc. Classification of over 1500 sources in 15 nearby
star-forming regions reveals that approximately 39 % of the sources lie in the
primordial disc region, whereas between 31 % and 32 % disperse from the
inside-out and up to 22 % of the sources have already lost their disc. Less
than 2 % of the objects in our sample lie in the homogeneous draining regime.
Time-scales for the transition phase are estimated to be typically a few 10^5
years independent of stellar mass. Therefore, regardless of spectral type, we
conclude that currently available infrared photometric surveys point to fast
(of order 10 % of the global disc lifetime) inside-out clearing as the
preferred mode of disc dispersal.Comment: 31 pages, 21 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in MNRA
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