Проект установки получения 9-этоксикарбазола

Цель работы – спроектировать установку поучения 9-этоксикарбазола с мощностью 66 тонн в год. Объектом разработки является алкилирование карбазола этиленхлоргидрином в присутствии ацетона и гидроксида натрия. Целью проектирования является разработка комплекса взаимосвязанных процессов, обеспечивающих выработку требуемого продукта нужного качества.The work purpose – to design lecture installation 9 ethoxydibenzo-pyrroles with a power of 66 tons per year. Object of development is the dibenzo-pyrrole alkylation etilenkhlorgidriny in the presence of acetone and sodium hydroxide. The purpose of projection is development of a complex of the interdependent processes providing development of the required product of the necessary quality

Gamma rays from colliding winds of massive stars

Colliding winds of massive binaries have long been considered as potential sites of non-thermal high-energy photon production. This is motivated by the detection of non-thermal spectra in the radio band, as well as by correlation studies of yet unidentified EGRET gamma-ray sources with source populations appearing in star formation regions. This work re-considers the basic radiative processes and its properties that lead to high energy photon production in long-period massive star systems. We show that Klein-Nishina effects as well as the anisotropic nature of the inverse Compton scattering, the dominating leptonic emission process, likely yield spectral and variability signatures in the gamma-ray domain at or above the sensitivity of current or upcoming gamma ray instruments like GLAST-LAT. In addition to all relevant radiative losses, we include propagation (such as convection in the stellar wind) as well as photon absorption effects, which a priori can not be neglected. The calculations are applied to WR140 and WR147, and predictions for their detectability in the gamma-ray regime are provided. Physically similar specimen of their kind like WR146, WR137, WR138, WR112 and WR125 may be regarded as candidate sources at GeV energies for near-future gamma-ray experiments. Finally, we discuss several aspects relevant for eventually identifying this source class as a gamma-ray emitting population. Thereby we utilize our findings on the expected radiative behavior of typical colliding wind binaries in the gamma-ray regime as well as its expected spatial distribution on the gamma-ray sky

A second dust episode of the Wolf-Rayet system WR 19: another long-period WC+O colliding-wind binary

We present observations of WR 19 showing an infrared excess due to newly created dust similar to an event observed in 1988. We suggest that these episodes of dust-formation are periodic (P similar to 10yr) and related to the binary nature of the object, comparable to the colliding-wind binary WR 140. In support of this thesis we identified absorption lines from a companion of spectral type 09.5-9.7. We propose monitoring the object to determine orbital parameters, non-thermal radio emission and the accurate shape of the infrared light-curve

Wolf-Rayet stars and O-stars runaways with HIPPARCOS. I. Kinematics

Reliable systemic radial velocities are almost impossible to secure for Wolf-Rayet stars, difficult for O stars. Therefore, to study the motions - both systematic in the Galaxy and peculiar - of these two related types of hot, luminous star, we have examined the Hipparcos proper motions of some 70 stars of each type. We find that (a) both groups follow Galactic rotation in the same way, (b) both have a similar fraction of "runaways", (c) mean kinetic ages based on displacement and motion away from the Galactic plane tend to slightly favour the cluster ejection over the the binary supernova hypothesis for their formation, and (d) those with significant peculiar supersonic motion relative to the ambient ISM, tend to form bow shocks in the direction of the motion