Improving Genetic Prediction by Leveraging Genetic Correlations Among Human Diseases and Traits

Genomic prediction has the potential to contribute to precision medicine. However, to date, the utility of such predictors is limited due to low accuracy for most traits. Here theory and simulation study are used to demonstrate that widespread pleiotropy among phenotypes can be utilised to improve genomic risk prediction. We show how a genetic predictor can be created as a weighted index that combines published genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics across many different traits. We apply this framework to predict risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in the Psychiatric Genomics consortium data, finding substantial heterogeneity in prediction accuracy increases across cohorts. For six additional phenotypes in the UK Biobank data, we find increases in prediction accuracy ranging from 0.7 for height to 47 for type 2 diabetes, when using a multi-trait predictor that combines published summary statistics from multiple traits, as compared to a predictor based only on one trait. © 2018 The Author(s)

Efeito do cloreto de chlormequat sobre quatro cultivares de trigo em duas épocas de semeadura Effect of chlormequat chloride on four wheat cultivars on two sowing dates

Dois experimentos foram conduzidos visando avaliar o efeito do Cloreto de chlormequat (CCC), aplicado em duas épocas de semeadura, sobre o rendimento de grãos e outras características de quatro cultivares de trigo. Os tratamentos foram as cultivares CEP 19, BR 14, BR 15 e BR 23. As doses de CCC foram de 400g ia/ha em 1989 e 1000g ia/ha em 1990 e as datas de semeadura foram em junho e julho. A característica afetada pelo CCC foi altura de plantas, sendo que o regulador de crescimento não afetou o rendimento de grãos. Conclui-se que outros estudos devem ser feitos para verificar quais os fatores que determinam respostas positivas à aplicação deste regulador de crescimento.<br>Two experiments were conducted aiming to evaluate the effects of the growth regulator CCC [2-Chioroethyl,trimethylammonium chloride] on seed yield and other characteristics of four wheat cultivars on two seeding dates. The treatments were the cultivars CEP 19, BR 14, BR 15 and BR 23 and the CCC doses 400 and 1000g ai/ha in 1989 and 1990 respectively. The seeding dates were in June and July. The only effect observed was a reduction in plant height but there was no increase in grain yield. It was concluded that further studies showld be carried out in order to determine the factors that affect the response of the wheat plant to this growth regulator