The role of the therapist and neurologist in pain management in patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases

A large number of the population of the Russian Federation suffers from cardiovascular diseases, and many of these patients develop chronic pain syndromes as a result of the course of the disease. According to an agreement with the International Association for the Study of Pain, chronic pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Chronic pain syndrome (CPS) is a serious problem for medical professionals due to its complex natural history, unclear etiology and poor response to therapy. CPS is a poorly defined disease. Most authors consider constant pain lasting more than 6 months as a diagnosis, while others used 3 months as a minimum criterion. In chronic pain, the duration parameter is used arbitrarily. Some authors suggest that any pain that persists longer than the reasonably expected healing time of the affected tissues should be considered chronic pain. This article provides an overview of several pain syndromes that are a direct or indirect result of cardiovascular diseases. The role of the therapist in pain management in patients with cardiovascular diseases is also discussed

Quantum gauge models without classical Higgs mechanism

We examine the status of massive gauge theories, such as those usually obtained by spontaneous symmetry breakdown, from the viewpoint of causal (Epstein-Glaser) renormalization. The BRS formulation of gauge invariance in this framework, starting from canonical quantization of massive (as well as massless) vector bosons as fundamental entities, and proceeding perturbatively, allows one to rederive the reductive group symmetry of interactions, the need for scalar fields in gauge theory, and the covariant derivative. Thus the presence of higgs particles is explained without recourse to a Higgs(-Englert-Brout-Guralnik-Hagen-Kibble) mechanism. Along the way, we dispel doubts about the compatibility of causal gauge invariance with grand unified theories.Comment: 20 pages in two-column EPJC format, shortened version accepted for publication. For more details, consult version

The role of the therapist and neurologist in pain management in patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases

A large number of the population of the Russian Federation suffers from cardiovascular diseases, and many of these patients develop chronic pain syndromes as a result of the course of the disease. According to an agreement with the International Association for the Study of Pain, chronic pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Chronic pain syndrome (CPS) is a serious problem for medical professionals due to its complex natural history, unclear etiology and poor response to therapy. CPS is a poorly defined disease. Most authors consider constant pain lasting more than 6 months as a diagnosis, while others used 3 months as a minimum criterion. In chronic pain, the duration parameter is used arbitrarily. Some authors suggest that any pain that persists longer than the reasonably expected healing time of the affected tissues should be considered chronic pain. This article provides an overview of several pain syndromes that are a direct or indirect result of cardiovascular diseases. The role of the therapist in pain management in patients with cardiovascular diseases is also discussed