Dynamical mean-field approach to materials with strong electronic correlations

We review recent results on the properties of materials with correlated electrons obtained within the LDA+DMFT approach, a combination of a conventional band structure approach based on the local density approximation (LDA) and the dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT). The application to four outstanding problems in this field is discussed: (i) we compute the full valence band structure of the charge-transfer insulator NiO by explicitly including the p-d hybridization, (ii) we explain the origin for the simultaneously occuring metal-insulator transition and collapse of the magnetic moment in MnO and Fe2O3, (iii) we describe a novel GGA+DMFT scheme in terms of plane-wave pseudopotentials which allows us to compute the orbital order and cooperative Jahn-Teller distortion in KCuF3 and LaMnO3, and (iv) we provide a general explanation for the appearance of kinks in the effective dispersion of correlated electrons in systems with a pronounced three-peak spectral function without having to resort to the coupling of electrons to bosonic excitations. These results provide a considerable progress in the fully microscopic investigations of correlated electron materials.Comment: 24 pages, 14 figures, final version, submitted to Eur. Phys. J. for publication in the Special Topics volume "Cooperative Phenomena in Solids: Metal-Insulator Transitions and Ordering of Microscopic Degrees of Freedom

PROSPECTS OF THE XENON ANESTHESIA IN PEDIATRIC SURGERY

Effective and safe anesthesia is the especially important problem in pediatric anesthesiology. The authors present data on the relatively new drug — xenon. Results of the investigations of both foreign and Russian scientists are cited. The mechanism of action of xenon and its effect on systemic and cerebral circulation and central nervous system, hemostasis, and other systems are demonstrated. The authors pay special attention to the factors responsible for the restricted use of the gas in general practice, indicate the peculiarities of its use in pediatric practice.Key words: xenon, the mechanism of action, anesthesia, advantages, disadvantages, impact on the body, children

PROSPECTS OF THE XENON ANESTHESIA IN PEDIATRIC SURGERY

Effective and safe anesthesia is the especially important problem in pediatric anesthesiology. The authors present data on the relatively new drug — xenon. Results of the investigations of both foreign and Russian scientists are cited. The mechanism of action of xenon and its effect on systemic and cerebral circulation and central nervous system, hemostasis, and other systems are demonstrated. The authors pay special attention to the factors responsible for the restricted use of the gas in general practice, indicate the peculiarities of its use in pediatric practice.Key words: xenon, the mechanism of action, anesthesia, advantages, disadvantages, impact on the body, children

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ КСЕНОНОВОЙ АНЕСТЕЗИИ В ДЕТСКОЙ ХИРУРГИИ

Effective and safe anesthesia is the especially important problem in pediatric anesthesiology. The authors present data on the relatively new drug — xenon. Results of the investigations of both foreign and Russian scientists are cited. The mechanism of action of xenon and its effect on systemic and cerebral circulation and central nervous system, hemostasis, and other systems are demonstrated. The authors pay special attention to the factors responsible for the restricted use of the gas in general practice, indicate the peculiarities of its use in pediatric practice.Key words: xenon, the mechanism of action, anesthesia, advantages, disadvantages, impact on the body, children.Эффективное и безопасное обезболивание является важной проблемой в детской анестезиологии. Авторы представляют данные об относительно новом препарате — ксеноне. Приводятся результаты исследований как зарубежных, так и российских ученых. Представлены механизм действия ксенона, его влияние на системное и церебральное кровообращение, центральную нервную систему, гемостаз и другие системы. Авторы обращают внимание и на те факторы, которые обусловливают ограничение использования данного газа в широкой практике; указывают особенности его применения в детской практике.Ключевые слова: ксенон, механизм действия, анестезия, преимущества, недостатки, влияние на организм, дети. (Педиатрическая фармакология. — 2011; 8 (4): 87–91

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ADEQUACY OF ANESTHESIA WITH XENON AND SEVOFLURANE IN CHILDREN SURGERY

Xenon have been used as an anesthetic in the Russian Federation for 11 years in anesthesia in adult patients. In April 2010, the permission of the Ministry of Health and Social Development for the clinical studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of medical xenon anesthesia in children based on the Institute of Emergency Children’s Surgery and Traumatology had been received. Xenon in pediatric anesthesiology is of a special interest because it has properties equivalent to an «ideal anesthetic». To assess its effectiveness in anesthesia in children 42 patients aged 1 to 18 years were included in the study. A comparative assessment of the adequacy of anesthesia with xenon and sevoflurane has been conducted. At different stages of the research in addition to clinical parameters the level of growth hormone and cortisol were measured. The study showed that anesthesia with xenon was different from sevoflurane by hemodynamic stability, and both have a high level of anesthetic anti-stress activity. Key words: anesthesia with xenon, stress hormones, anesthesia in children. (Pediatric pharmacology. — 2011; 8 (6): 77–81)

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ADEQUACY OF ANESTHESIA WITH XENON AND SEVOFLURANE IN CHILDREN SURGERY

Xenon have been used as an anesthetic in the Russian Federation for 11 years in anesthesia in adult patients. In April 2010, the permission of the Ministry of Health and Social Development for the clinical studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of medical xenon anesthesia in children based on the Institute of Emergency Children’s Surgery and Traumatology had been received. Xenon in pediatric anesthesiology is of a special interest because it has properties equivalent to an «ideal anesthetic». To assess its effectiveness in anesthesia in children 42 patients aged 1 to 18 years were included in the study. A comparative assessment of the adequacy of anesthesia with xenon and sevoflurane has been conducted. At different stages of the research in addition to clinical parameters the level of growth hormone and cortisol were measured. The study showed that anesthesia with xenon was different from sevoflurane by hemodynamic stability, and both have a high level of anesthetic anti-stress activity. Key words: anesthesia with xenon, stress hormones, anesthesia in children. (Pediatric pharmacology. — 2011; 8 (6): 77–81)

Comparative Analysis of the Paracrine Action of Neuronal and Glial Progenitor Cells Derived from Induced Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

We performed comparative analysis of paracrine activity of neuronal and glial progenitors derived from induced pluripotent stem cells under conditions of hypoxia modeled by addition of cobalt dichloride. Neuronal and glial progenitors produced neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects on SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma cells in co-culture during the post-hypoxic recovery and reduced the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells. Moreover, they produced a neurotrophic effect and promote the formation and growth of neurites in neuroblastoma cells. The paracrine effect of glial progenitors was more pronounced, which can be explained by more intensive expression and secretion of neurotrophic factors in these cells. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

Сравнительный анализ паракринного действия нейрональных и глиальных предшественников, полученных из индуцированных плюрипотентных стволовых клеток человека

The article is focused on comparative analysis of the in vitro paracrine activity shown by the induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuronal and glial progenitors and directed towards SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma cells during the recovery from hypoxic stress modeled by the exposure to cobalt dichloride. Co-cultivation with neuronal and glial progenitors exerted neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects on SHSY-5Y cells during the post-hypoxic recovery, reducing the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells and supporting neurite outgrowth. Moreover, the paracrine effect of glial progenitors was more pronounced compared to neuronal progenitors, which may be explained by a higher level of expression and secretion of neurotrophic factors by glial progenitors.Проведён сравнительный анализ паракринной активности нейрональных и глиальных предшественников, полученных из индуцированных плюрипотентных стволовых клеток, при моделировании гипоксии добавлением дихлорида кобальта. Сокультивирование с нейрональными и глиальными предшественниками оказывало нейропротективное действие на клетки нейробластомы SHSY-5Y, снижая количество апоптотических и некротических клеток в культуре. Кроме того, сокультивирование обеспечивало нейротрофический эффект, способствуя нейритогенезу в клетках линии SHSY-5Y. При этом паракринное влияние глиальных предшественников было более выраженным, что может объясняться более высоким уровнем экспрессии нейротрофических факторов в данных клетках

Comparative impact analysis of neuronal and glial progenitors conditioned medium on cerebellar neurons under glutamate exitotoxicity

One of the main causes of cell death in neurodegenerative diseases is excitotoxicity. Today the potential directions of treatment neurodegenerative diseases are including cell therapy, the purpose of which is to replace lost nerve tissue with donor cells. Transplanted cells along with replaced lost tissues have a paracrine effect, which requires careful study. The aim of this work was to study the effect of conditioned media, obtaining from neuronal and glial progenitor cells, on a primary culture of cerebellar neurons in a model of glutamate excitotoxicity. The cell viability, expression of marker genes for apoptosis and neuritogenesis, and the number of necrotic and apoptotic cells were determined in the culture of cerebellar neurons. The composition of the studied conditioned media was analyzed for the content of neurotrophins. A comparative analysis was revealed differences in the secretion of neurotrophins between the obtained cultures: the amount of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor and glial neurotrophic factor was higher in the secretion of glial progenitors. It was shown that the addition of conditioned media from neuronal cells does not significantly affect the viability of cerebellar neurons, whereas preincubation with media from glial progenitors has a neuroprotective effect by increasing the viability of cerebellar neurons, and during long-term cultivation promotes the growth of neurites by increasing the expression level of MAP2 and GAP43 genes. © 2019, Human Stem Cell Institute. All rights reserved

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА АДЕКВАТНОСТИ АНЕСТЕЗИИ КСЕНОНОМ И СЕВОФЛУРАНОМ У ДЕТЕЙ В ПЛАНОВОЙ ХИРУРГИИ

Xenon have been used as an anesthetic in the Russian Federation for 11 years in anesthesia in adult patients. In April 2010, the permission of the Ministry of Health and Social Development for the clinical studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of medical xenon anesthesia in children based on the Institute of Emergency Children’s Surgery and Traumatology had been received. Xenon in pediatric anesthesiology is of a special interest because it has properties equivalent to an «ideal anesthetic». To assess its effectiveness in anesthesia in children 42 patients aged 1 to 18 years were included in the study. A comparative assessment of the adequacy of anesthesia with xenon and sevoflurane has been conducted. At different stages of the research in addition to clinical parameters the level of growth hormone and cortisol were measured. The study showed that anesthesia with xenon was different from sevoflurane by hemodynamic stability, and both have a high level of anesthetic anti-stress activity. Key words: anesthesia with xenon, stress hormones, anesthesia in children. (Pediatric pharmacology. — 2011; 8 (6): 77–81).На территории Российской Федерации в течение 11 лет при анастезии у взрослых пациентов в качестве анестетика используется ксенон. В апреле 2010 г. получено разрешение Минздравсоцразвития РФ на проведение клинических исследований по оценке эффективности и безопасности медицинского ксенона при анестезиях у детей на базе НИИ неотложной детской хирургии и травматологии. К ксенону в детской анестезиологии проявляется особый интерес, поскольку он по своим свойствам приравнивается к «идеальному анестетику». Для оценки его эффективности при анестезиях у детей в исследование были включены 42 пациента в возрасте от 1 года до 18 лет. Проводилась сравнительная оценка адекватности анестезии ксеноном и севофлураном. На разных этапах исследования помимо клинических показателей определялся уровень соматотропного гормона и кортизола. Исследование показало, что анестезия с использованием ксенона отличается от анестезии севофлураном гемодинамической стабильностью, при этом оба анестетика обладают высоким уровнем антистрессорной активности. Ключевые слова: анестезия ксеноном, гормоны стресса, анестезия у детей. (Педиатрическая фармакология. — 2011; 8 (6): 77–81)