21 research outputs found
Triton photodisintegration in three-dimensional approach
Two- and three- particles photodisintegration of the triton is investigated
in a three-dimensional (3D) Faddeev approach. For this purpose the Jacobi
momentum vectors for three particles system and spin-isospin quantum numbers of
the individual nucleons are considered. Based on this picture the three-nucleon
Faddeev integral equations with the two-nucleon interaction are formulated
without employing the partial wave decomposition. The single nucleon current as
well as and like exchange currents are used in an appropriate
form to be employed in 3D approach. The exchange currents are derived from AV18
NN force. The two-body t-matrix, Deuteron and Triton wave functions are
calculated in the 3D approach by using AV18 potential. Benchmarks are presented
to compare the total cross section for the two- and three- particles
photodisintegration in the range of . The 3D Faddeev
approach shows promising results
Three-Nucleon Photodisintegration of 3He
The three-nucleon photodisintegration of 3He has been calculated in the whole
phase space using consistent Faddeev equations for the three-nucleon bound and
scattering states. Modern nucleon-nucleon and 3N forces have been applied as
well as different approaches to nuclear currents. Phase space regions are
localized where 3N force effects are especially large. In addition
semi-exclusive cross sections for 3He(gamma,N) have been predicted which carry
interesting peak structures. Finally some data for the exclusive 3N breakup
process of 3He and its total breakup cross section have been compared to
theory.Comment: 28 pages, 6 png figures, 11 ps figures, modified version with changed
figures, conclusions unchanged, to appear in Phys.Rev.
Radiative Decay of a Long-Lived Particle and Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis
The effects of radiatively decaying, long-lived particles on big-bang
nucleosynthesis (BBN) are discussed. If high-energy photons are emitted after
BBN, they may change the abundances of the light elements through
photodissociation processes, which may result in a significant discrepancy
between the BBN theory and observation. We calculate the abundances of the
light elements, including the effects of photodissociation induced by a
radiatively decaying particle, but neglecting the hadronic branching ratio.
Using these calculated abundances, we derive a constraint on such particles by
comparing our theoretical results with observations. Taking into account the
recent controversies regarding the observations of the light-element
abundances, we derive constraints for various combinations of the measurements.
We also discuss several models which predict such radiatively decaying
particles, and we derive constraints on such models.Comment: Published version in Phys. Rev. D. Typos in figure captions correcte
Antimatter Regions in the Early Universe and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
We have studied big bang nucleosynthesis in the presence of regions of
antimatter. Depending on the distance scale of the antimatter region, and thus
the epoch of their annihilation, the amount of antimatter in the early universe
is constrained by the observed abundances. Small regions, which annihilate
after weak freezeout but before nucleosynthesis, lead to a reduction in the 4He
yield, because of neutron annihilation. Large regions, which annihilate after
nucleosynthesis, lead to an increased 3He yield. Deuterium production is also
affected but not as much. The three most important production mechanisms of 3He
are 1) photodisintegration of 4He by the annihilation radiation, 2) pbar-4He
annihilation, and 3) nbar-4He annihilation by "secondary" antineutrons produced
in anti-4He annihilation. Although pbar-4He annihilation produces more 3He than
the secondary nbar-4He annihilation, the products of the latter survive later
annihilation much better, since they are distributed further away from the
annihilation zone.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures. Minor changes to match the PRD versio
Updated Nucleosynthesis Constraints on Unstable Relic Particles
We revisit the upper limits on the abundance of unstable massive relic
particles provided by the success of Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis calculations. We
use the cosmic microwave background data to constrain the baryon-to-photon
ratio, and incorporate an extensively updated compilation of cross sections
into a new calculation of the network of reactions induced by electromagnetic
showers that create and destroy the light elements deuterium, he3, he4, li6 and
li7. We derive analytic approximations that complement and check the full
numerical calculations. Considerations of the abundances of he4 and li6 exclude
exceptional regions of parameter space that would otherwise have been permitted
by deuterium alone. We illustrate our results by applying them to massive
gravitinos. If they weigh ~100 GeV, their primordial abundance should have been
below about 10^{-13} of the total entropy. This would imply an upper limit on
the reheating temperature of a few times 10^7 GeV, which could be a potential
difficulty for some models of inflation. We discuss possible ways of evading
this problem.Comment: 40 pages LaTeX, 18 eps figure
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Photodisintegration of /sup 3/H and /sup 3/He. [Threshold to 25 MeV]
The photoneutron cross sections for /sup 3/H and /sup 3/He have been measured from threshold to approx. 25 MeV with monoenergetic photons from the annihilation in flight of fast positrons at the LLL Electron-Positron Linear Accelerator facility. These reactions include the two-body breakup of /sup 3/H and the three-body breakup of both /sup 3/H and /sup 3/He; these measurements for /sup 3/H are the first to span the energy region across the peaks of the cross sections. An efficient BF/sub 3/-tube-and-paraffin neutron detector and high-pressure gaseous samples of several moles each (the activity of the /sup 3/H sample was approx. 200,000 Ci) were employed in these measurements. Measurements on /sup 16/O and /sup 2/H also were performed to verify the absolute cross-section scale. The results, when compared with each other and with results for the two-body breakup cross section for /sup 3/He from the literature, show that the two-body breakup cross sections for /sup 3/H and /sup 3/He have nearly the same shape, but the one for /sup 3/He lies lower in magnitude; the three-body breakup cross section for /sup 3/He lies higher in magnitude and is broader in the peak region and also rises less sharply from threshold than that for /sup 3/H; and these measured differences between the cross sections for the breakup modes largely compensate in their sum, so that the total photon absorption cross sections for /sup 3/H and /sup 3/He are nearly the same in both size and shape at energies near and above their peaks. Theoretical results from the literature disagree with the experimental results to a certain extent over the entire photon-energy region for which the photoneutron cross sections were measured. 50 figures, 7 tables