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28 research outputs found

An electron microscopy study of graphite growth in nodular cast irons

Author: B. Lux
B. Miao
B. Miao
D. Li
D.D. Double
D.D. Double
D.M. Stefanescu
D.M. Stefanescu
E. Morinbou
E. Roy
G. Faivre
G.S. Jayaraman
H.R. Daniels
I. Minkoff
I. Minkoff
J. Fargues
J. Lacaze
J. Lacaze
J. Lacaze
J. Qing
J.P. Monchoux
K. He
K. He
K. Theuwissen
K. Theuwissen
K. Theuwissen
L. Laffont
L. Laffont
M. Hillert
R. Ghergu
R. Jday
R. Jday
S. Amini
S.A. Rounaghi
T. Andriollo
T. Hara
Z. Liu
Publication venue: 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
Publication date: 01/04/2018
Field of study

Growth of graphite during solidification and high-temperature solid-state transformation has been investigated in samples cut out from a thin-wall casting which solidified partly in the stable (iron–graphite) and partly in the metastable (iron–cementite) systems. Transmission electron microscopy has been used to characterize graphite nodules in as-cast state and in samples having been fully graphitized at various temperatures in the austenite field. Nodules in the as-cast material show a twofold structure characterized by an inner zone where graphite is disoriented and an outer zone where it is well crystallized. In heat-treated samples, graphite nodules consist of well-crystallized sectors radiating from the nucleus. These observations suggest that the disoriented zone appears because of mechanical deformation when the liquid contracts during its solidification in the metastable system. During heat-treatment, the graphite in this zone recrystallizes. In turn, it can be concluded that nodular graphite growth mechanism is the same during solidification and solid-state transformatio

Crossref

Open Archive Toulouse Archive Ouverte

Hal-Diderot

Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

Author: Abbasalizad-Farhangi M.
Abbasi M.
Abbastabar H.
Abdelalim A.
Abdoli A.
Abdollahi M.
Abdollahpour I.
Abdulkader R.S.
Abebe N.D.
Abebo T.A.
Abegaz K.H.
Abolhassani H.
Abreu L.G.
Abrigo M.R.M.
Abushouk A.I.
Accrombessi M.M.K.
Acharya D.
Adabi M.
Adebiyi A.O.
Adedeji I.A.
Adekanmbi V.
Adema B.D.
Adeoye A.M.
Adetokunboh O.O.
Adham D.
Aduroja P.E.
Advani S.M.
Afarideh M.
Afshin A.
Aghaali M.
Agrawal A.
Ahmad T.
Ahmadi K.
Ahmadi S.
Ahmed M.B.
Ahmed R.
Ajumobi O.
Akal C.G.
Akalu T.Y.
Akinyemiju T.
Akombi B.
Al-Aly Z.
Al-Mekhlafi H.M.
Al-Raddadi R.M.
Alam S.
Alamene G.M.
Alanzi T.M.
Alema N.M.
Ali B.A.
Ali M.
Alijanzadeh M.
Alinia C.
Alipour V.
Alizade H.
Aljunid S.M.
Almasi A.
Almasi-Hashiani A.
Altirkawi K.
Alvis-Guzman N.
Alvis-Zakzuk N.J.
Amare A.T.
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Anber N.H.
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Appiah S.C.Y.
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of Malnutrition Collaborators LBD Double Burden
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Zhang Z.-J.
Zhao X.-J.
Zodpey S.
Zomorodian K.
Zotor F.B.
Ã�rnlÃ¶v J.
Publication venue
Publication date: 01/01/2020
Field of study

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4 (62.3 (55.1â��70.8) million) to 6.4 (58.3 (47.6â��70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organizationâ��s Global Nutrition Target of <5 in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2 (30 (22.8â��38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0 (55.5 (44.8â��67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic. Â© 2020, The Author(s)

eprints Iran University of Medical Sciences