1,314 research outputs found
Efficiency of the top-down PAH-to-fullerene conversion in UV irradiated environments
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and fullerenes play a major role in
the physics and chemistry of the interstellar medium. Based on a number of
recent experimental and theoretical investigations we developed a model in
which PAHs are subject to photo-dissociation (carbon and hydrogen loss) and
hydrogenation. We take into account that dehydrogenated PAHs may fold into
closed structures -- fullerenes. Fullerenes, in their turn, can be also
hydrogenated, becoming fulleranes, and photo-dissociated, losing carbon and
hydrogen atoms. The carbon loss leads to shrinking of fullerene cages to
smaller ones. We calculate the abundance of PAHs and fullerenes of different
sizes and hydrogenation level depending on external conditions: the gas
temperature, intensity of radiation field, number density of hydrogen atoms,
carbon atoms, and electrons. We highlight the conditions, which are favourable
for fullerene formation from PAHs, and we conclude that this mechanism works
not only in H-poor environment but also at modest values of hydrogen density up
to 10~cm. We found that fulleranes can be formed in the ISM,
although the fraction of carbon atoms locked in them can be maximum around
10. We applied our model to two photo-dissociation regions, Orion Bar
and NGC 7023. We compare our estimates of the fullerene abundance and synthetic
band intensities in these objects with the observations and conclude that our
model gives good results for the closest surroundings of ionising stars. We
also demonstrate that additional fullerene formation channels should operate
along with UV-induced formation to explain abundance of fullerenes far from UV
sources.Comment: Accepted to MNRAS. 19 pages, 12 figure
Infrared Morphology of Regions of Ionized Hydrogen
A search for infrared ring nebulae associated with regions of ionized
hydrogen has been carried out. The New GPS Very Large Array survey at 20 cm
forms the basis of the search, together with observations obtained with the
Spitzer Space Telescope at 8 and 24 m and the Herschel Space Telescope at
70 m. Objects having ring-like morphologies at 8 m and displaying
extended emission at 20 cm were selected visually. Emission at 24 m having
the form of an inner ring or central peak is also observed in the selected
objects. A catalog of 99 ring nebulae whose shapes at 8 and 70 m are well
approximated by ellipses has been compiled. The catalog contains 32 objects
whose shapes are close to circular (eccentricities of the fitted ellipses at 8
m no greater than 0.6, angular radius exceeding 20). These objects are
promising for comparisons with the results of one-dimensional hydrodynamical
simulations of expanding regions of ionized hydrogen.Comment: Astronomy Reports, Volume 61, Issue 12, pp.1015-1030 (ARep Homepage
- …