Analysis of noise characteristics of multichannel systems of the formation of signals of georadars with synthesized aperture

The noise characteristics of multichannel systems of forming signals based on hybrid frequency synthesizers with automatic compensation of phase distortions of direct digital synthesizers, which are used in the composition of georadars with synthesized aperture, are investigate

Measuring angular coordinates in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) positioning systems and developing a new phase-metric method for goniometric control of UAVs

For the safe operation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), an effective Automatic Control System (ACS) is necessary, which for successful operation requires high accuracy of the initial information about the UAV’s position in space. Based on the analysis of the shortcomings of the known orientation systems, a phase-metric method of goniometric (angular) control based on accelerometric and gyroscopic transducers for positioning the UAV is proposed, which has a higher accuracy and a wider range of measurement angles. The conducted study showed that in a wide range of rotation angles from 10 to 90 degrees, the root mean square error (RMS) of the results of calculating the rotation angle using the phase-metric method is 8,78 times less than the RMS of the results of calculating the rotation angle using the arctangent function. Reducing the error determines the effectiveness of the proposed method in UAV control systems

ПРОФИЛАКТИКА РЕФЛЮКСНОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ ПОСЛЕ ОПЕРАЦИЙ НА ОРГАНАХ ЖЕЛУДОЧНО-КИШЕЧНОГО ТРАКТА

Creation of anastomoses between hollow organs of the abdominal cavity, retroperitoneal space and the small intestine always raises the question of the prevention of reflux from the small intestine into the cavity drained the esophagus, stomach, gallbladder, liver outer duct cysts of the liver and pancreas. After surgery, any reflux becomes pathological. Reflux – is an obligate precancer. So, throw the bile and pancreatic juices in the stomach, the stump of the stomach, esophagus contributes to reflux esophagitis, reflux gastritis, ulcers and gastric cancer, or a stump. After an internal drainage of cavity formation in the small intestine develops postoperative reflux disease, which is caused by the actions of the surgeon who tried sincerely to help the patient. It is possible to give the definition of such states “Iatrogenic Postoperative Reflux Disease”.The aim of this work was to develop and put into practice a “cap” on the afferent loop of the small intestine, do not migrate into the gut lumen, with an internal cavity drainage structures of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space and to evaluate clinical outcomes. As a result, the authors have developed a way to create a “cap” on a loop of the small intestine, which is used for the drainage of cavity formation, conducted research on its safety, proper functioning, accessibility, analyzed the clinical situation offers. For drainage of cavernous fistula formation impose between him and a loop of small intestine 40–50 cm from the Treitz ligament. Form a intestine anastomosis by Brown.Above this junction length leads to the formation of the drained portion of the small intestine is about 10 cm, in the middle of which impose a “stub”. Length of discharge from the drainage area of education of the small intestine to interintestinal Brownian anastomosis is about 30 cm. To form a “plug” free land use of the greater omentum, through which by puncture-poke perform ligature of non-absorbable polypropylene material. The developed method for forming a “plug” does not cause drastic changes in the ischemic zone of operation, followed by necrosis of the bowel wall and migration "stub" into the lumen, and its efficiency is demonstrated by clinical observation of microcirculation studies, the results of the water sample, and radiological studies. Way to create a “stub” is promising for internal drainage of abdominal structures of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space, to form a nutrient anti reflux eyunostomy.Создание анастомозов между полыми органами брюшной полости, полостными образованиями забрюшинного пространства и тощей кишкой всегда ставит вопрос о предупреждении рефлюкса из тощей кишки в дренируемую полость пищевода, желудка, желчного пузыря, наружных печеночных протоков, кист печени и поджелудочной железы. После операции любой рефлюкс приобретает патологический характер. Рефлюкс – это облигатный предрак. Так, заброс желчи и панкреатических соков в желудок, культю желудка и пищевод способствует возникновению рефлюкс-эзофагитов, рефлюкс-гастритов, язв и рака желудка или его культи. После внутреннего дренирования полостного образования в тощую кишку развивается послеоперационная рефлюксная болезнь, которая обусловлена действиями хирурга, старавшегося искренне помочь пациенту. Это позволило дать таким состояниям определение «ятрогенная послеоперационная рефлюксная болезнь».Целью данной работы стало разработать и внедрить в практику «заглушку» на приводящую петлю тощей кишки, не мигрирующую в просвет кишки, при внутреннем дренировании полых органов брюшной полости и полостных образований забрюшинного пространства и оценить клинические результаты.В результате авторами разработан способ создания «заглушки» на петлю тощей кишки, которая используется для дренирования, проводятся исследования по ее безопасности, адекватности функционирования, общедоступности, анализируются клинические ситуации. Для дренирования полостного образования накладываем соустье между ним и петлей тощей кишки в 40–50 см от связки Трейтца. Формируем межкишечное соустье по Брауну, выше которого длина приводящего к дренируемому образованию участка тощей кишки составляет около10 см, в середине которого накладываем «заглушку». Длина отводящего от дренируемого образования участка тонкой кишки до межкишечного брауновского анастомоза составляет около30 см.Для формирования «заглушки» используем свободный участок большого сальника, через который путем вкола-выкола проводим лигатуру из нерассасывающегося материала полипропилена. Разработанный способ формирования «заглушки» не вызывает резких ишемических изменений в зоне операции с последующим некрозом стенки кишки и миграцией «заглушки» в просвет кишки, а его эффективность доказана с помощью клинических наблюдений, исследований микроциркуляции, результатами водной пробы и рентгенологического исследования. Способ создания «заглушки» перспективен при внутреннем дренировании полостных образований брюшной полости и забрюшинного пространства, для формирования арефлюксной питательной еюностомы

Effect of dexamethasone therapy on factors of adhesiveness and coagulation in acute lower limb ischemia

Leukocyte-platelet adhesion during hypoxia, tissue damage, activation of inflammation and coagulation is associated with the expression of ICAM-1 membrane molecules and integrins by blood and tissue cells. At the same time, platelet adhesion receptors determine their adhesion to the endothelium and recruited lymphocytes. The role of platelets in the pathogenesis of ischemic cardiovascular diseases also consists in their ability to modulate both hemostasis and inflammatory reactions, which is accompanied by the secretion of inflammatory mediators and factors that promote the recruitment of leukocytes to tissue damage sites. Purpose of the study: to study the effect of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone on the expression of adhesion receptors CD18+ and CD54+ on leukocytes, the content of platelets and fibrinogen in the blood of patients with ALLI, the relationship of these indicators with the severity and outcome of the disease.To study the effect of anti-inflammatory therapy, a group of 32 patients treated with dexamethasone was formed; the comparison group was represented by 71 patients with basic therapy, the control group consisted of 15 volunteers. After revascularization, all patients received antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy. Dexamethasone infusions were carried out in a course of 4 to 6 days after reconstructive surgery. In all patients, the content of C-reactive protein in the blood, the content of platelets and fibrinogen were determined. The number of lymphocytes expressing adhesion molecules ICAM-1 (CD54+) and integrins (CD18+) was counted using the immunocytochemical method. Studies were performed before surgery and on days 1, 3, 7, and 10 after surgery.With exacerbation of ischemia and damage to the endothelium, the accumulation of cytolysis products, the expression of adhesion molecules increases both on endotheliocytes and on inflammatory effector cells – leukocytes and platelets. Adhesion molecules conduct an activation signal inside the cell, which promotes adhesion of leukocytes and platelets to the endothelium, lymphocytic-platelet adhesion, the formation of a parietal thrombus, and possible occlusion of damaged vessels. Increased expression of adhesion molecules is associated with the activation of metabolism, inflammation, coagulation and oxidative stress, stimulates all hematopoietic lineages, including platelets. The level of involvement of cellular reactions in the pathogenesis of the disease affects the effectiveness and duration of treatment, the risk of recurrent thrombosis and death. Anti-inflammatory therapy with dexamethasone contributed to earlier remission, a decrease in the proportion of infectious complications, such as wound suppuration from 10% to 6%, the number of necessary amputations from 32% to 16%, the frequency of deaths from 31% to 6%, and a reduction in hospital stay from 13 days to 10.Inflammation, adhesiveness of effector cells and thrombosis are important factors in the pathogenesis of acute lower limb ischemia. Therapy with dexamethasone helps to reduce the level of systemic inflammatory response, the number of necessary amputations, the number of complications and adverse outcomes in the treatment of ALLI, and reduce the length of stay in the hospital

Исследование сравнительной фармакокинетики и биоэквивалентности препаратов Кардиоприл таблетки, 20 мг (АО «Химфарм», Республика Казахстан) и Моноприл® таблетки, 20 мг («Бристол-Майерс Сквибб С.Р.Л.», Италия)

In a single-dose, two-treatment, two-period, two-sequence crossover study with a 1-week washout period was carry out the bioequivalence study of two tablet coated formulation of fosinopril that given to 18 volunteers in equal doses (20 mg). Drug blood plasma concentrations were determined by validated LC-MS method for 48 hours. There were calculated the followed parameters: AUC 0-t ,Cmax, tmax , Cmax /AUC. 90% confidence interval for log-transformed AUC 0-tvalues was 0,9393 - 1,1473 and one for log-transformed Cmax was 0,8861 - 1,066, respectively. It was made the conclusion about bioequivalence of compared fosinopril formulations.В рамках перекрёстного, однократного, открытого, рандомизированного исследования с однонедельным периодом отмывки, с двумя последовательностями была изучена биоэквивалентность двух таблетированных форм фозиноприла на 18 добровольцах (дозировка 20 мг). Образцы плазмы крови анализировали валидированным методом ВЭЖХ-МС/МС в течение 48 часов. Для анализируемых препаратов рассчитаны следующие фармакокинетические параметры: AUC0-t, Cmax, tmax, Cmax/AUC. 90% доверительный интервал для логарифмически преобразованных значений AUC0-t составил 0,9393 - 1,1473 и для Cmax - 0,8861 - 1,066. По результатам исследования был сделан вывод о биоэквивалентности сравниваемых препаратов фозиноприла

Исследования биоэквивалентности Нипезама ретард таблетки, 400 мг (АО «Химфарм», Республика Казахстан) и Финлепсина® 400 ретард таблетки, 400 мг («Плива Краков, Фармацевтическая компания С.А.», Польша)

In a single-dose, two-treatment, two-period, two-sequence crossover study with a 1-month washout period was carry out the bioequivalence study of two tablet coated formulation of carbamazepine that given to 18 volunteers in equal doses (400 mg). Drug blood plasma concentrations were determined by validated LC-UV method for 120 hours. There were calculated the followed parameters: AUC0-t, Cmax , Tmax, Cmax /AUC. 90% confidence interval for log-transformed AUC. values was 0,93693 - 1,10204 and one for log-transformed Cmax was 0,91045 - 1,12287, respectively. It was made the conclusion about bioequivalence of compared carbamazepine formulations.В рамках перекрёстного, однократного, открытого, рандомизированного исследования с одномесячным периодом отмывки, с двумя последовательностями была изучена биоэквивалентность двух таблетированных форм карбамазепина на 18 добровольцах (дозировка 400 мг). Образцы плазмы крови анализировали валидированным методом ВЭЖХ-УФ в течение 120 часов. Для анализируемых препаратов рассчитаны следующие фармакокинетические параметры: AUC0-t, Cmax, Tmax, Cmax/AUC. 90% доверительный интервал для логарифмически преобразованных значений AUC0-t составил 0,93693 - 1,10204 и для Cmax - 0,91045 - 1,12287. По результатам исследования был сделан вывод о биоэквивалентности сравниваемых препаратов карбамазепина

Novel Biocompatible with Animal Cells Composite Material Based on Organosilicon Polymers and Fullerenes with Light-Induced Bacteriostatic Properties

A technology for producing a nanocomposite based on the borsiloxane polymer and chemically unmodified fullerenes has been developed. Nanocomposites containing 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 wt% fullerene molecules have been created. It has been shown that the nanocomposite with any content of fullerene molecules did not lose the main rheological properties of borsiloxane and is capable of structural self-healing. The resulting nanomaterial is capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals in light. The rate of ROS generation increases with an increase in the concentration of fullerene molecules. In the absence of light, the nanocomposite exhibits antioxidant properties. The severity of antioxidant properties is also associated with the concentration of fullerene molecules in the polymer. It has been shown that the nanocomposite upon exposure to visible light leads to the formation of long-lived reactive protein species, and is also the reason for the appearance of such a key biomarker of oxidative stress as 8-oxoguanine in DNA. The intensity of the process increases with an increase in the concentration of fullerene molecules. In the dark, the polymer exhibits weak protective properties. It was found that under the action of light, the nanocomposite exhibits significant bacteriostatic properties, and the severity of these properties depends on the concentration of fullerene molecules. Moreover, it was found that bacterial cells adhere to the surfaces of the nanocomposite, and the nanocomposite can detach bacterial cells not only from the surfaces, but also from wetted substrates. The ability to capture bacterial cells is primarily associated with the properties of the polymer; they are weakly affected by both visible light and fullerene molecules. The nanocomposite is non-toxic to eukaryotic cells, the surface of the nanocomposite is suitable for eukaryotic cells for colonization. Due to the combination of self-healing properties, low cytotoxicity, and the presence of bacteriostatic properties, the nanocomposite can be used as a reusable dry disinfectant, as well as a material used in prosthetics