Reverse Doppler effect in backward spin waves scattered on acoustic waves

We report on the observation of reverse Doppler effect in backward spin waves reflected off of surface acoustic waves. The spin waves are excited in a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) film. Simultaneously, acoustic waves are also generated. The strain induced by the acoustic waves in the magnetostrictive YIG film results in the periodic modulation of the magnetic anisotropy in the film. Thus, in effect, a travelling Bragg grating for the spin waves is produced. The backward spin waves reflecting off of this grating exhibit a reverse Doppler shift: shifting down rather than up in frequency when reflecting off of an approaching acoustic wave. Similarly, the spin waves are shifted up in frequency when reflecting from receding acoustic waves.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Consolidation Potential of the Educational Community

The present paper investigated the possibility of progressive development of a society in the terms of transformation, in particular, by the ability of the educational community to the social cohesion to focus efforts on overcoming challenges of an unstable period of social development. The analysis was performed on the consolidation potential structure of the educational community; and factors of actualization and de-actualization of its potential were identified in order to clarify the conceptual apparatus of definitions "the educational community" and "the consolidation potential of the educational community

Alternating current driven instability in magnetic junctions

An effect is considered of alternating (high-frequency) current on the spin-valve type magnetic junction configuration. The stability with respect to small fluctuations is investigated in the macrospin approximation. When the current frequency is close to the eigenfrequency (precession frequency) of the free layer, parametric resonance occurs. Both collinear configurations, antiparallel and parallel ones, can become unstable under resonance conditions. The antiparallel configuration can become unstable under non-resonant conditions, also. The threshold current density amplitude is of the order of the dc current density switching the magnetic junction.Comment: 8 page

Применение метода корреляции цифровых изображений для построения диаграмм деформирования в истинных координатах

This article describes the features of determining strain curves in true stress–true strain coordinates, using samples of circular cross section from Al–Cu–Mg–Zn aluminum alloy. The calculation and experimental methods of determining true stresses and strains were compared Calculation methods based on the condition of volume constancy may not reflect actual regularities of deformation at the stage of strain localization in the considered material. Nevertheless, the use of systems of digital image correlation (DIC) allows measurements of both the geometrical sizes of deformed sample and strain fields on its surface to be performed, including on the sample neck. It was demonstrated that the measurement error of the sample diameter by the coordinate field was 0.02 mm at the instance of destruction. In order to improve the measurement precision, an increase in the recording frequency in proportion to increase in strain rate was proposed, as well as measuring the surface coordinates from both sides of the sample. It is also possible to supplement the strain curves obtained by DIC optical systems with the measurements of true fracture stress, and the true fracture strain determined by calculations on the destructed sample. The presented methods of analysis of plastic flow by direct measurement of field displacements and strains allow actual regularities between true stresses and strains at the interval of irregular plastic strain to be established. This cannot be achieved by analytical conversion of conventional curve. The obtained hardening coefficients and strain curves can be used for simulation and design of machinery structures and parts.Приведены особенности определения диаграмм деформирования в координатах «истинное напряжение – истинная деформация» на образцах круглого сечения из алюминиевого сплава системы Al–Cu–Mg–Zn. Выполнено сравнение расчетных и экспериментальных методов определения истинных напряжений и деформаций. Расчетные методы, основанные на применении условия постоянства объема, могут не отражать действительных закономерностей деформирования на этапе локализации деформации в материале исследуемого образца, в то время как использование систем корреляции цифровых изображений (КЦИ) позволяет проводить измерения как геометрических размеров деформируемого образца, так и полей деформаций на его поверхности, в том числе непосредственно в шейке образца. Показано, что ошибка измерения диаметра образца по полю координат в момент разрушения составила 0,02 мм. С целью повышения точности измерения предложено увеличение частоты съемки пропорционально возрастанию скорости деформирования, а также проведение измерения координат поверхности с двух сторон образца. Также возможно дополнять полученные с помощью оптических систем КЦИ кривые деформирования результатами измерения истинного разрушающего напряжения и истинной разрушающей деформацией, определенными расчетным способом по разрушенному образцу. Представленные способы исследования пластического течения материала непосредственным измерением полей перемещений и деформаций позволяют устанавливать действительные закономерности между истинными напряжениями и деформациями на участке неравномерного пластического деформирования, чего достичь аналитическим пересчетом условной диаграммы невозможно. Полученные коэффициенты упрочения и кривые деформирования могут быть использованы при моделировании и проектировании конструкций и деталей машин

Air plasma sprayed coatings of self-fluxing powder materials

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. The article discusses the structural features of self-fluxing coatings obtained by plasma spraying air from entering the hub ring and the gas-dynamic focusing powder. It was shown that, unlike the unilateral spot powder inlet into the plasma jet, the use of the annular input node allows to increase heating efficiency and to accelerate the particles in the plasma stream. By optical and scanning electron microscopy that most of the particles forming the coating, in the plasma jet is in a molten or plasticized condition. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that high cooling rates of such particles contribute to the formation of γ-SMC supersaturated solid solution Ni-based average grain size of 80 nm

IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE IN ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION

Modeling of  immune tolerance will  eliminate the  need  for  taking medications to prevent rejection. This  review of available literature covers the immune mechanisms of allograft rejection and the ways of tolerance induction. The role of mesenchymal stem  cells and using them for tolerance development have been discussed. The authors also draw attention to the fact  that  blood transfusion from an organ donor  leads to a decreased  intensity of the immune response to donor cells in transplantation

Evolving Spatio-temporal Data Machines Based on the NeuCube Neuromorphic Framework: Design Methodology and Selected Applications

The paper describes a new type of evolving connectionist systems (ECOS) called evolving spatio-temporal data machines based on neuromorphic, brain-like information processing principles (eSTDM). These are multi-modular computer systems designed to deal with large and fast spatio/spectro temporal data using spiking neural networks (SNN) as major processing modules. ECOS and eSTDM in particular can learn incrementally from data streams, can include ‘on the fly’ new input variables, new output class labels or regression outputs, can continuously adapt their structure and functionality, can be visualised and interpreted for new knowledge discovery and for a better understanding of the data and the processes that generated it. eSTDM can be used for early event prediction due to the ability of the SNN to spike early, before whole input vectors (they were trained on) are presented. A framework for building eSTDM called NeuCube along with a design methodology for building eSTDM using this are presented. The implementation of this framework in MATLAB, Java, and PyNN (Python) is presented. The latter facilitates the use of neuromorphic hardware platforms to run the eSTDM. Selected examples are given of eSTDM for pattern recognition and early event prediction on EEG data, fMRI data, multisensory seismic data, ecological data, climate data, audio-visual data. Future directions are discussed, including extension of the NeuCube framework for building neurogenetic eSTDM and also new applications of eSTDM