Creation of a Permanently Operating GNSS Reference Station in the City of Alapaevsk

The stages of creation are given, the procedure and methodology for the installation and determination of the coordinates of the permanent GNSS base station in the city of Alapaevsk are presented. Reports were prepared on post-processing and equalization of the coordinates of the base station relative to the GGS points using the specialized software “Topcon Tools”, the coordinates of the base station. Equalization of the base station from the reference geodetic network is carried out, the accuracy of coordinates is estimated, and the base station is linked to it. Conclusions are made about the health of the base station.Приведены этапы создания, представлены порядок и методика работ по установке и определению координат постоянно действующей базовой станции ГНСС в г. Алапаевске. Составлены отчеты по постобработке и уравниванию координат базовой станции относительно пунктов ГГС при помощи специализированного программного обеспечения «Topcon Tools». Выполнено уравнивание базовой станции от опорной геодезической сети, даются оценка точности координат, привязка к ней базовой станции. Сделаны выводы о работоспособности базовой станции

PUlmonotoxicyty Of syNThETIC POLYMERS combustion products

Pulmonotoxicants are the substances causing structural and functional disorders of respiratory system. The main sources of pulmonotoxicants in the environment are thermal decomposition of synthetic polymeric materials in fires. The possibility of formation of pulmonotoxicants during the combustion of synthetic polymers of different composition with regard to the conditions of combustion (temperature, time, sufficient oxygen) was analyzed. The risk of lung damage has been considered taking into account the duration of exposure to the toxicant. In addition to general toxic carbon monoxide and cyanide, the products of thermal destruction of halogen-containing and nitrogen-containing substances pose a great danger in case of fire due to their high pulmonotoxicity. The lung damage risk is considered with account for toxicants exposure duration. The pulmonotoxicants classification has been proposed according to their hazard in relation to their concentration in the air. Main mechanisms of effect of pulmonotoxicants formed during the pyrolysis of various polymeric synthetic materials have been proposed. The description of clinical manifestations as the result of intoxication with these materials under various toxodoses effect has been shown. The hazardous risk spectrum has changed depending on the toxic exposure duration that determines the variance of treatment approaches: from possible etiotropic treatment to pathogenetic therapy of toxic pulmonary edema