Reducing Fat Globules Particle-Size in Goat Milk: Ultrasound and High Hydrostatic Pressures Approach

Innovative and eco-friendly food technologies in practical usage today like Ultrasound (US) and High Hydrostatic Pressures (HHP) are feasible to adequately maintain various food properties while processed, such as texture, sensorial and organoleptic characteristics, and microbiological issues as well. Benchmarked attribute of the mentioned approach lies in the ability of US and HHP to control and withhold both temperature and treatment duration. While temperature could be controlled within room ambient, treatment time is mostly below 30 minutes. US and HHP treatment were performed as separate treatments in order to obtain better homogenization. Goat milk was exposed to ultrasonic propagation up to 100 W of nominal power and high pressures up to 600 MPa. Maximum treatment time was 9 minutes. Ultrasonic homogenization indicates enhanced homogeneity of fat globules while high pressure process parameters have a significant influence on the observed mean particle diameter (fat globules). Improved stability and quality of emulsions (goat milk) was obtained by both applied processes. Statistical analysis indicated the influence of process parameters on fat globule size distribution between 0.3 – 4 μm and variance lower than 0.6

Analysis of damaging process and crack propagation

Supervising and health monitoring of structures can assess the actual state of existing structures after initial loading or in the state of operation. Structural life management requires the integration of design and analysis, materials behavior and structural testing, as given for several examples. Procedure of survey of structural elements and criteria for their selection must be strongly defined as it is for the offshore gas platforms. Numerical analysis of dynamic loading is shown for the Aeolian vibrations of overhead transmission line conductors. Since the damper’s efficiency strongly depends on its position, the procedure of determining the optimum position of the damper is described. The optical method of caustics is established in isotropic materials for determination of the stress intensity factors (SIFs) of the cracks in deformed structures and is advantageously improved for the application to fiberreinforced composites. A procedure for simulation of crack propagation for multiple cracks was introduced and SIFs have been calculated by using finite element method. Crack growth of a single crack or a periodical array of cracks initiated at the stiffeners in a stiffened panel has been investigated

Analysis of damaging process and crack propagation

Supervising and health monitoring of structures can assess the actual state of existing structures after initial loading or in the state of operation. Structural life management requires the integration of design and analysis, materials behavior and structural testing, as given for several examples. Procedure of survey of structural elements and criteria for their selection must be strongly defined as it is for the offshore gas platforms. Numerical analysis of dynamic loading is shown for the Aeolian vibrations of overhead transmission line conductors. Since the damper’s efficiency strongly depends on its position, the procedure of determining the optimum position of the damper is described. The optical method of caustics is established in isotropic materials for determination of the stress intensity factors (SIFs) of the cracks in deformed structures and is advantageously improved for the application to fiberreinforced composites. A procedure for simulation of crack propagation for multiple cracks was introduced and SIFs have been calculated by using finite element method. Crack growth of a single crack or a periodical array of cracks initiated at the stiffeners in a stiffened panel has been investigated