Experience and lessons from health impact assessment for human rights impact assessment

As globalisation has opened remote parts of the world to foreign investment, global leaders at the United Nations and beyond have called on multinational companies to foresee and mitigate negative impacts on the communities surrounding their overseas operations. This movement towards corporate impact assessment began with a push for environmental and social inquiries. It has been followed by demands for more detailed assessments, including health and human rights. In the policy world the two have been joined as a right-to-health impact assessment. In the corporate world, the right-to-health approach fulfils neither managers' need to comprehensively understand impacts of a project, nor rightsholders' need to know that the full suite of their human rights will be safe from violation. Despite the limitations of a right-to-health tool for companies, integration of health into human rights provides numerous potential benefits to companies and the communities they affect. Here, a detailed health analysis through the human rights lens is carried out, drawing on a case study from the United Republic of Tanzania. This paper examines the positive and negative health and human rights impacts of a corporate operation in a low-income setting, as viewed through the human rights lens, considering observations on the added value of the approach. It explores the relationship between health impact assessment (HIA) and human rights impact assessment (HRIA). First, it considers the ways in which HIA, as a study directly concerned with human welfare, is a more appropriate guide than environmental or social impact assessment for evaluating human rights impacts. Second, it considers the contributions HRIA can make to HIA, by viewing determinants of health not as direct versus indirect, but as interrelated

[Epiphrenic megadiverticula: clinical and therapeutic considerations. Case contributions].

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[Diagnosis and treatment of traumatic rupture and dislocation of the diaphragm. Experience of 2 surgical centers (Modena and Bologna)].

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EURORAD, the EAR database project

Purpose: EURORAD is a database of the European Association of Radiology accessible on the World Wide Web (http:// www.eurorad.org/). It is devoted to diagnostic imaging and can be used for routine practice, training and research mostly but not exclusively by radiologists. Methods and Materials: The project is partly funded by the European Commission and coordinated on behalf of EAR by CITEC S.p.A. The main aim of the project is to build a database accessible on Internet. containing thousands of cases covering all radiological subspecialties. The peer-review process is organized as to guarantee quality assurance standards established in scientific journals. Results: EURORAD is based on a collection of multimedia case records. Each anonymous case record contains at least one radiological document, still image or movie, and a text file for case comment with key words and codes (ACR and MeSH). The providers are individual radiologists, European academic radiologic centers, excellence centers selected by subspeciality societies, or invited institutions directly contacted by the EURORAD partners. Submission is done on Internet. The authors are requested to submit images under JPEG format and DICOM format when available. The reviewing process follows a three levels system with one Editor-in Chief (Pr A Baert), 14 section editors covering the different subspecialties and approximately 10 reviewers by subspecialty. Each case is submitted to an anonymous peer-review. All exchanges between authors and section editors and between the three categories of reviewers are done on Internet. Conclusion: EURORAD will be a demonstration of the ability of European radiologists to use advanced multimedia tools and advanced information technologies for dissemination of high quality scientific content

Pulse wave propagation in blood vessels:theoretical investigation and clinical applications

A general investigation of the heart pulse propagation in blood vessel has been done and this research has been conducted for the blood flow in physiological conditions; then also the problems connected to new surgical techniques and also necessary in the organs transplantations. In particular in presence of insertion at some distance from the input is investigated and also the effects of the connection of vascular segments with different mechanical properties increases the risk of generation of blood turbolence fluxes and involves, in the arterial vessels. Mechanical models of cardiovascular system have been studied and the effects considered in clinical applications.A general investigation of the heart pulse propagation in blood vessel has been done and this research has been conducted for the blood flow in physiological conditions; then also the problems connected to new surgical techniques and also necessary in the organs transplantations. In particular in presence of insertion at some distance from the input is investigated and also the effects of the connection of vascular segments with different mechanical properties increases the risk of generation of blood turbolence fluxes and involves, in the arterial vessels. Mechanical models of cardiovascular system have been studied and the effects considered in clinical applications