Эндоваскулярное лечение острого тромбоза тибиоперонеального ствола. Клинический случай

Introduction. Acute limb ischemia is a severe disorder caused by a sharp drop in the arterial perfusion of the limb. It carries a threat to the limb’s function and viability. The issue of early recognition of acute limb ischemia in surgery is both important and difficult. The current guidelines recommend that patients with acute limb ischemia when the limb is viable should be urgently examined and treated. Restoring the blood flow in patients with acute limb ischemia is a priority, since a significant reduction in arterial perfusion can lead to limb amputation and life-threatening complications. In acute limb ischemia different treatment methods can be used, both open surgery and endovascular procedures. The treatment strategy depends on the localisation, duration of ischemia, neurological deficit, concomitant diseases and risks associated with treatment and its results. Endovascular procedures on the arteries of the lower leg are most often indicated to save a limb. Endovascular procedures on the arteries of the lower leg are indicated more often in patients with critical limb ischemia. Endovascular procedures when the condition is primary demonstrate good outcomes and high efficiency on the arteries of the lower extremities at all levels of the lesion.Materials and methods. This paper presents a clinical case of a successful endovascular procedure performed for the treatment of acute thrombosis of the arteries of the lower leg. Three stents were implanted, with a good angiographically confirmed outcome.Conclusion. Endovascular balloon angioplasty with stenting of the tibioperoneal trunk can result in good outcomes in patients with acute thrombosis of the arteries of the lower leg.Введение. Острая ишемия конечности (ОИК) — тяжелое заболевание, в основе которого лежит резкое уменьшение артериальной перфузии конечности, создающее потенциальную угрозу ее функциональности и жизнеспособности. Проблема своевременного распознавания острой ишемии конечности является одновременно важной и сложной в хирургии. Согласно современным рекомендациям, пациенты с острой ишемией конечности и сохраненной ее жизнеспособностью должны быть экстренно обследованы и пролечены. Восстановление кровотока при ОИК является приоритетной задачей, так как значительное снижение артериальной перфузии может привести к ампутации конечности и угрожающим жизни осложнениям. При острой ишемии конечности могут применяться разные методы лечения — как открытая хирургия, так и эндоваскулярная операция. Тактика лечения будет определяться на основании локализации, продолжительности ишемии, неврологического дефицита, сопутствующих заболеваний и связанных с лечением рисков и его результатов. Эндоваскулярные операции на артериях голени чаще всего показаны для спасения конечности. Увеличивается количество рекомендаций в пользу эндоваскулярной операции на артериях голени у больных с критической ишемией конечности. Эндоваскулярные операции при первичном заболевании показывают хороший результат и высокую эффективность на артериях нижних конечностей на всех уровнях поражения.Материалы и методы. В статье представлен клинический случай успешного эндоваскулярного лечения острого тромбоза артерий голени. В ходе оперативного лечения были имплантированы три стента с хорошим ангиографическим результатом.Заключение. Эндоваскулярная баллонная ангиопластика со стентированием тибиоперонеального ствола может успешно применяться в случае развития острого тромбоза артерий нижних конечностей

Эндоваскулярное лечение стеноза почечной артерии, вызванного фибромускулярной дисплазией. Клинический случай

Introduction. Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is an idiopathic, non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory disease of arteries. Careful research into this disorder showed that FMD has been found in every arterial bed in the body; the most common arteries affected are renal arteries and extracranial sections of carotid and vertebral arteries. The clinical presentation is determined by the localization of the vasculature affected and the stenosis severity. Today FMD is a very rare disease with the incidence of 4 per 1000 people. The diagnosis today is difficult and may take a long time. According to the latest European Society of Cardiology guidelines renal artery balloon angioplasty is indicated for patients with FMD; if a good angiographic result is achieved (no dissection, TIMI 3 flow) no renal artery stenting required. The treatment success depends on the early diagnosis.Materials and Methods. This paper presents a clinical case of renal artery stenosis caused by fibromuscular dysplasia that was treated successfully with balloon angioplasty without stenting.Results and discussion. Protracted process of diagnosing this disease may result in deteriorating quality of life and poor outcomes such as difficult-to-control hypertension and its sequelae, TIA, stroke, aneurism dissection or rupture. It is worth pointing out that FMD diagnosis may be incidental when imaging is performed for other reasons, or when there is a systolic murmur at arteries in an asymptomatic patient who does not have classic atherosclerosis risk factors. According to the latest guidelines endovascular treatment is indicated for patients with FMD to manage the hypertension; this has proven very effective in improving quality of life.Введение. Фибромускулярная дисплазия (ФМД) — идиопатическое, не атеросклеротическое, не воспалительное поражение артерий. Тщательное изучение данной патологии показало, что при ФМД поражаются все сосудистые русла, наиболее чаще встречаемые — это почечные артерии и экстракраниальные отделы сонных и позвоночных артерий. Клиническая картина ФМД определяется локализацией пораженного сосудистого бассейна и  тяжестью стеноза. На сегодняшний день ФМД является весьма редким заболеванием. Его распространенность примерно 4 на 1000 человек. Своевременная диагностика затруднена, и диагностический поиск может занять много времени. Согласно последним рекомендациям Европейской ассоциации кардиологов пациентам с ФМД показана баллонная ангиопластика почечной артерии, при хорошем ангиографическом результате (отсутствие диссекции, кровоток TIMI 3) без имплантации стента в почечную артерию. Успех лечения зависит от ранней диагностики заболевания. Материалы и методы. В статье представлен клинический случай успешного эндоваскулярного лечения стеноза почечной артерии, вызванного фибромускулярной дисплазией, при помощи баллонной ангиопластики без стентирования.Результаты и обсуждение. Длительная диагностика заболевания может привести к ухудшению качества жизни и неблагоприятным исходам, таким как плохо контролируемая гипертензия и ее последствия, ТИА, инсульт, диссекция или разрыв аневризмы. Следует отметить, что ФМД может быть обнаружена случайно, когда визуализация выполняется по другим причинам или когда слышен систолический шум при аускультации артерий у бессимптомного пациента без классических факторов риска атеросклероза. По современным рекомендациям пациентам со стенозом почечных артерий при ФМД для лечения гипертонии показано эндоваскулярное лечение, которое дает хороший эффект в улучшении качества жизни.Заключение. Эндоваскулярная баллонная ангиопластика почечной артерии может успешно применяться у пациентов с фибромускулярной дисплазией

STENTING OF "UNPROTECTED" LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY WITH CONCOMITANT PROXIMAL CHRONIC OCCLUSION OF THE RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY

Stenosis of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) is the most formidable atherosclerotic coronary artery disease due to its importance. The prognosis in patients with significant hemodynamic lesion of LMCA is unfavorable and associated with high mortality. LMCA disease is an absolute indication for myocardial revascularization with the highest class of recommendation and level of the evidences. This article provides a clinical case of balloon angioplasty with stenting of "unprotected" LMCA with concomitant proximal occlusion of the right coronary artery

Endovascular Treatment of Acute Tibioperoneal Trunk Thrombosis. A Clinical Case Report

Introduction. Acute limb ischemia is a severe disorder caused by a sharp drop in the arterial perfusion of the limb. It carries a threat to the limb’s function and viability. The issue of early recognition of acute limb ischemia in surgery is both important and difficult. The current guidelines recommend that patients with acute limb ischemia when the limb is viable should be urgently examined and treated. Restoring the blood flow in patients with acute limb ischemia is a priority, since a significant reduction in arterial perfusion can lead to limb amputation and life-threatening complications. In acute limb ischemia different treatment methods can be used, both open surgery and endovascular procedures. The treatment strategy depends on the localisation, duration of ischemia, neurological deficit, concomitant diseases and risks associated with treatment and its results. Endovascular procedures on the arteries of the lower leg are most often indicated to save a limb. Endovascular procedures on the arteries of the lower leg are indicated more often in patients with critical limb ischemia. Endovascular procedures when the condition is primary demonstrate good outcomes and high efficiency on the arteries of the lower extremities at all levels of the lesion.Materials and methods. This paper presents a clinical case of a successful endovascular procedure performed for the treatment of acute thrombosis of the arteries of the lower leg. Three stents were implanted, with a good angiographically confirmed outcome.Conclusion. Endovascular balloon angioplasty with stenting of the tibioperoneal trunk can result in good outcomes in patients with acute thrombosis of the arteries of the lower leg

Endovascular Treatment of Renal Artery Stenosis Caused by Fibromuscular Dysplasia. A Clinical Case Report

Introduction. Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is an idiopathic, non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory disease of arteries. Careful research into this disorder showed that FMD has been found in every arterial bed in the body; the most common arteries affected are renal arteries and extracranial sections of carotid and vertebral arteries. The clinical presentation is determined by the localization of the vasculature affected and the stenosis severity. Today FMD is a very rare disease with the incidence of 4 per 1000 people. The diagnosis today is difficult and may take a long time. According to the latest European Society of Cardiology guidelines renal artery balloon angioplasty is indicated for patients with FMD; if a good angiographic result is achieved (no dissection, TIMI 3 flow) no renal artery stenting required. The treatment success depends on the early diagnosis.Materials and Methods. This paper presents a clinical case of renal artery stenosis caused by fibromuscular dysplasia that was treated successfully with balloon angioplasty without stenting.Results and discussion. Protracted process of diagnosing this disease may result in deteriorating quality of life and poor outcomes such as difficult-to-control hypertension and its sequelae, TIA, stroke, aneurism dissection or rupture. It is worth pointing out that FMD diagnosis may be incidental when imaging is performed for other reasons, or when there is a systolic murmur at arteries in an asymptomatic patient who does not have classic atherosclerosis risk factors. According to the latest guidelines endovascular treatment is indicated for patients with FMD to manage the hypertension; this has proven very effective in improving quality of life

TREATMENT OF INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY OCCLUSION USING PROXIMAL CEREBRAL PROTECTION DEVICE AND ITS EFFECT ON THE BLOOD PRESSURE DYNAMICS. CLINICAL CASE

In 2016, according to the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, about 200 thousand people died from stroke. Strokes are considered as the main cause of disability of the population, causing huge economic damage to the country. One of the most common causes of ischemic stroke is atherosclerosis of the branches of the aortic arch. The most common localization of atherosclerotic plaques is the extracranial section of the carotid arteries – bifurcation and ostium of the common carotid artery and the internal carotid artery. Recanalization of occlusion of the internal carotid artery until recently was an insoluble task for interventional surgery due to the high risk of distal embolization. The invention and use of the proximal cerebral protection device, which ensure the complete cessation of blood flow, has changed the situation. Effect of carotid revascularization on arterial hypertension, due to the effect on the baroreceptors of the carotid plexus by balloon angioplasty, which leads to a reflex decrease in arterial pressure, is an additional advantage of the endovascular technique in some cases. This effect requires further study. One also needs to pay careful attention to the diagnosis and imaging of carotid artery lesions before procedure. This clinical case is the illustration that an adequate assessment of the risk factors for intraoperative complications allows to achieve maximum results of endovascular treatment

Clinical case of retrograde endovascular recanalization of chronic coronary occlusion

Coronary chronic occlusion (CCO) occurs in ~20% of cases when coronary angiography is performed in patients with coronary artery disease. According to large observational studies and registries, it is known that most patients with CCO receive only drug therapy. Only 20-22% of patients with CCO undergo surgical myocardial revascularization. Such a low percentage can be explained by a low success rate and a large number of complications during recanalization of CCO at the development stage of endovascular surgery. The accumulation of experience and the improvement of technical equipment has significantly increased the success rate of endovascular revascularization of CCO and reduced the number of complications. More and more scientific evidence has appeared in favor of the recanalization of CCO. It is known that the myocardium in the area of the occluded artery is in ischemia. The presence of a developed system of collateral circulation allows us to ensure sufficient blood flow in the myocardium only at rest, but with a load of collateral blood supply is not enough. Recanalization of CCO can eliminate myocardial ischemia, improve systolic function of the left ventricular myocardium, increase exercise tolerance and improve the quality of life of patients

Cryoablation method for pulmonary artery sympathetic denervation in patients with pulmonary hypertension secondary to left sided heart disease: interventional technique, safety and results of the hospital phase

pulmonary artery pressure in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension and Chronic Heart Failure.Materials and methods. Inclusion in the study (n=20) was based on the results of an echocardiographic study (systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery ≥35 mm Hg) and clinical assessment (NYHA ≥II FC heart failure). The procedure of pulmonary artery cryodenervation was performed at the bifurcation level of the main pulmonary trunk using single-point cryoablation catheter. The cryoablation was applied in a circular way around the pulmonary trunk at the bifurcation level, rotating the catheter tip with the pace of2 mm with temperature minus 75-80o C and time 120 s at each spot. The study endpoints were the changes in systolic pulmonary artery pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vessel resistance and 6 min walking test before and immediately after procedure.Results. We analyzed intermediate results of sympathetic fibers cryodestruction, located in the bifurcation of main pulmonary trunk. The mean systolic pulmonary artery pressure decreased from 40 [37; 44] tо 31 [28; 35] mm Hg (p<0,05), pulmonary vessel resistance decreased from 5,6 [4,9; 6,1] tо 3,9 [3,5; 4,5] WU (p<0,05) and improvement of 6 min walking test from 287 [233; 332] to 320 [276; 348] m (p<0,05) was observed. There were no cases of early deaths and specific complications.Conclusion. The cryoablation pulmonary denervation is a new promising treatment in patients with pulmonary hypertension. First clinical results demonstrate the safety of this procedure. Further randomized studies are required to confirm the efficacy of PDCM. However, today we can see decrease of hemodynamic parameters and clinical improvement when using the new technique in a certain group of patients

The dynamics of blood pressure within 12 months after carotid artery stenting in patients with stenotic carotid lesions

Aim. To assess the dynamics of blood pressure (BP) and determine the predictors of the hypotensive effect after carotid artery stenting (CAS).Material and methods. The analysis included 99 patients who underwent CAS in a period of March 2014 and May 2016. Inclusion criteria: (1) the presence of 50% symptomatic or 70% asymptomatic stenosis of the carotid artery (according to NASCET criteria), (2) follow-up for at least 1 year, (3) measurement and recording of BP at four points: 24 hours before surgery, 1 hour, 24 hours and 12 months after surgery. Results. According to office measurement of BP, the average systolic/diastolic pressure was 117,11/60,75, 119,73/60,75, 134,75/70,48 mm Hg after 1 hour, one day and 12 months after the intervention, respectively. In comparison with the average numbers of BP before the intervention, 148,13/89,52 mm Hg there was a significantly significant decrease in BP levels after CAS (p<0,01). According to the results of daily monitoring of blood pressure, a statistically important decrease in blood pressure was observed after 1 year of observation (p<0,01) (136,52/76,84 compared with 145,91/87,63 before the intervention). Dissociated circle of Willis (odds ratio=10,37, 95% confidence interval, from 3,64 to 29,52; p<0,001) and the occurrence of intraoperative hypotension (odds ratio =3,62, 95% confidence interval, from 1,16 to 11,28; p<0,027) were predictors of a persistent decrease in BP after CAS. Conclusion. The obtained results indicated the need for more thorough conservative postoperative management, especially for patients with a dissociated circle of Willis. It is also necessary to achieve the target blood pressure values by individualized correction of antihypertensive therapy