1,893 research outputs found
The elusive quest for balanced regional growth from Barlow to Brexit: lessons from partitioning regional employment growth in Great Britain
The British Government’s economic strategy for post-Brexit Britain of achieving balanced regional growth by “driving growth across the whole country” echoes the objectives set by the Barlow Report of 1940. The regional policies that followed the Barlow Report were heavily influenced by papers written for the Commission by G D A (later Sir Donald) MacDougall.
The first of these papers was included as an appendix to the report itself and introduced the shift-share methodology to the analysis of regional employment growth, and subsequently shown to be flawed.
The second paper considered the urban hierarchy and growth but was never fully developed. Consequently post-war regional policy focussed on the contribution of industrial structure to employment growth without fully taking into account the urban hierarchy or regional locations of that employment.
This article replaces the flawed shift-share methodology with multifactor partitioning (MFP) and applies it to regional employment growth for the period 1971-2012, a span of special interest because it largely coincides with British membership of the European Union (EU). The deficiencies in the second paper are addressed by introducing allometry to measure the employment growth of each region relative to that of Great Britain and then regression analysis to relate the allometries to distance from London.
The results of the two sets of analyses highlight the need for a multiple-factor, comprehensive, and integrated approach to regional policy and provide a benchmark against which to gauge the success of Britain's post-Brexit policy of driving future growth across the whole country
Final state rescattering as a contribution to
We provide a new estimate of the long-distance component to the radiative
transition . Our mechanism involves the soft-scattering of
on-shell hadronic products of nonleptonic decay, as in the chain . We employ a phenomenological fit to scattering data
to estimate the effect. The specific intermediate states considered here modify
the decay rate at roughly the level, although
the underlying effect has the potential to be larger. Contrary to other
mechanisms of long distance physics which have been discussed in the
literature, this yields a non-negligible modification of the channel and hence will provide an uncertainty in the extraction of
. This mechanism also affects the isospin relation between the rates
for and and may generate CP
asymmetries at experimentally observable levels.Comment: 15 pages, RevTex, 3 figure
Photon-Photon Scattering, Pion Polarizability and Chiral Symmetry
Recent attempts to detect the pion polarizability via analysis of
measurements are examined. The connection
between calculations based on dispersion relations and on chiral perturbation
theory is established by matching the low energy chiral amplitude with that
given by a full dispersive treatment. Using the values for the polarizability
required by chiral symmetry, predicted and experimental cross sections are
shown to be in agreement.Comment: 21 pages(+10 figures available on request), LATEX, UMHEP-38
CPT violation and B-meson oscillations
Recent evidence for anomalous CP violation in B-meson oscillations can be
interpreted as resulting from CPT violation. This yields the first sensitivity
to CPT violation in the B_s^0 system, with the relevant coefficient for CPT
violation constrained at the level of parts in 10^{12}.Comment: 4 pages two-column REVTeX; Rapid Communications, Physical Review D,
in pres
Phenomenology of the Equivalence Principle with Light Scalars
Light scalar particles with couplings of sub-gravitational strength, which
can generically be called 'dilatons', can produce violations of the equivalence
principle. However, in order to understand experimental sensitivities one must
know the coupling of these scalars to atomic systems. We report here on a study
of the required couplings. We give a general Lagrangian with five independent
dilaton parameters and calculate the "dilaton charge" of atomic systems for
each of these. Two combinations are particularly important. One is due to the
variations in the nuclear binding energy, with a sensitivity scaling with the
atomic number as . The other is due to electromagnetism. We compare
limits on the dilaton parameters from existing experiments.Comment: 5 page
On the Ultraviolet Behaviour of Newton's constant
We clarify a point concerning the ultraviolet behaviour of the Quantum Field
Theory of gravity, under the assumption of the existence of an ultraviolet
Fixed Point. We explain why Newton's constant should to scale like the inverse
of the square of the cutoff, even though it is technically inessential. As a
consequence of this behaviour, the existence of an UV Fixed Point would seem to
imply that gravity has a built-in UV cutoff when described in Planck units, but
not necessarily in other units.Comment: 8 pages; CQG class; minor changes and rearrangement
The Electromagnetic Mass Differences of Pions and Kaons
We use the Cottingham method to calculate the pion and kaon electromagnetic
mass differences with as few model dependent inputs as possible. The
constraints of chiral symmetry at low energy, QCD at high energy and
experimental data in between are used in the dispersion relation. We find
excellent agreement with experiment for the pion mass difference. The kaon mass
difference exhibits a strong violation of the lowest order prediction of
Dashen's theorem, in qualitative agreement with several other recent
calculations.Comment: 40 pages, Latex, needs axodraw. and psfig. macros, 4 figure
Weak Hyperon Decays: Quark Sea and SU(3) Symmetry Breaking
An explanation of the difference in the values of the apparent ratios
for the S- and P- wave amplitudes of nonleptonic hyperon decays is proposed.
The argument is formulated in the framework of the standard pole model with
ground-state and excited baryons as intermediate
states for the P- and S- waves respectively. Under the assumption that the
dominant part of the deviation of from is due to large
quark sea effects, symmetry breaking in energy denominators is shown to
lead to a prediction for which is in excellent agreement with
experiment. This corroborates our previous unitarity calculations which
indicated that the matrix elements of the parity
conserving weak Hamiltonian between the ground-state baryons are characterized
by or more. A brief discussion of the problem of the
relative size of S- and P- wave amplitudes is given. Finally, implications for
weak radiative hyperon decays are also discussed.Comment: 26 pages, LATEX, 1647/PH IFJ Krako
On the correspondence between the classical and quantum gravity
The relationship between the classical and quantum theories of gravity is
reexamined. The value of the gravitational potential defined with the help of
the two-particle scattering amplitudes is shown to be in disagreement with the
classical result of General Relativity given by the Schwarzschild solution. It
is shown also that the potential so defined fails to describe whatever
non-Newtonian interactions of macroscopic bodies. An alternative interpretation
of the -order part of the loop corrections is given directly in terms
of the effective action. Gauge independence of that part of the one-loop
radiative corrections to the gravitational form factors of the scalar particle
is proved, justifying the interpretation proposed.Comment: Latex 2.09, 3 ps. figures, 17 page
Equilibrium configurations for quark-diquark stars and the problem of Her X-1 mass
We report new calculations of the physical properties of a quark-diquark
plasma. A vacuum contribution is taken into account and is responsible for the
appearance of a stable state at zero pressure and at a baryon density of about
2.2 times the nuclear matter density in this model. The resulting equation of
state was used to integrate numerically the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff
equations. The mass-radius relationship has been derived from a series of
equilibrium configurations constituted by a mixture of quarks and diquarks.
These stellar models, which are representative of a whole class, may be helpful
to understand the possible compactness of the X-ray source Her X-1 and related
objects.Comment: 15 pp., PlainTex file + 3 figures available upon request at
[email protected]. Submitted to Int. Jour. Mod. Phys.
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