Evaluating probabilistic programming languages for simulating quantum correlations

This article explores how probabilistic programming can be used to simulate quantum correlations in an EPR experimental setting. Probabilistic programs are based on standard probability which cannot produce quantum correlations. In order to address this limitation, a hypergraph formalism was programmed which both expresses the measurement contexts of the EPR experimental design as well as associated constraints. Four contemporary open source probabilistic programming frameworks were used to simulate an EPR experiment in order to shed light on their relative effectiveness from both qualitative and quantitative dimensions. We found that all four probabilistic languages successfully simulated quantum correlations. Detailed analysis revealed that no language was clearly superior across all dimensions, however, the comparison does highlight aspects that can be considered when using probabilistic programs to simulate experiments in quantum physics.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures, code is available at https://github.com/askoj/bell-ppl

State selection in the noisy stabilized Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation

In this work, we study the 1D stabilized Kuramoto Sivashinsky equation with additive uncorrelated stochastic noise. The Eckhaus stable band of the deterministic equation collapses to a narrow region near the center of the band. This is consistent with the behavior of the phase diffusion constants of these states. Some connections to the phenomenon of state selection in driven out of equilibrium systems are made.Comment: 8 pages, In version 3 we corrected minor/typo error

Additive noise effects in active nonlinear spatially extended systems

We examine the effects of pure additive noise on spatially extended systems with quadratic nonlinearities. We develop a general multiscale theory for such systems and apply it to the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation as a case study. We first focus on a regime close to the instability onset (primary bifurcation), where the system can be described by a single dominant mode. We show analytically that the resulting noise in the equation describing the amplitude of the dominant mode largely depends on the nature of the stochastic forcing. For a highly degenerate noise, in the sense that it is acting on the first stable mode only, the amplitude equation is dominated by a pure multiplicative noise, which in turn induces the dominant mode to undergo several critical state transitions and complex phenomena, including intermittency and stabilisation, as the noise strength is increased. The intermittent behaviour is characterised by a power-law probability density and the corresponding critical exponent is calculated rigorously by making use of the first-passage properties of the amplitude equation. On the other hand, when the noise is acting on the whole subspace of stable modes, the multiplicative noise is corrected by an additive-like term, with the eventual loss of any stabilised state. We also show that the stochastic forcing has no effect on the dominant mode dynamics when it is acting on the second stable mode. Finally, in a regime which is relatively far from the instability onset, so that there are two unstable modes, we observe numerically that when the noise is acting on the first stable mode, both dominant modes show noise-induced complex phenomena similar to the single-mode case

Management of Colonic Trauma: Six-Year Experience at Henry Ford Hospital

Surgical management of 114 patients with colonic injuries related to trauma who were treated over a six-year period is reviewed. Eighty-three (73%) injuries were secondary to gunshot wounds. Twenty-six patients (24%) had isolated colonic injuries. The majority of patients (60%)) were treated with colostomies: exteriorization of the injury, repair with proximal colostomy, or resection with colostomy and mucous fistula. Exteriorization of repaired colon, primary repair, and resection with primary anastomosis were performed in 40% of the patients. Six patients (5.3%) in our series died, and 24% had complications directly related to the colon injury. Based on this study, no standard method for treatment of colonic trauma is advised. Colostomy is recommended for patients with massive multiple intra-abdominal injuries and gross fecal contamination. In selected patients, primary repair may be performed

A Prospective Randomized Comparison of a Single Antibiotic (Moxalactam) Versus Combination Therapy (Gentamicin and Clindamycin) in Penetrating Abdominal Trauma

From July 1 to December 31, 1983, 50 consecutive patients undergoing abdominal exploration for penetrating abdominal trauma from stab and gunshot wounds were prospectively randomized to receive postinjury, preoperative antibiotic coverage with moxalactam (2 g intravenously every 12 hours) or a combination of gentamicin (3 to 5 mg/kg/day in three equal doses administered every eight hours) and clindamycin (600 mg intravenously every six hours). No intraabdominal abscesses or wound infections developed, and no direct evidence of toxicity of the antibiotic regimens developed in either group. In the study group, moxalactam therapy was an effective alternative to the combination antibiotic regimen. The subsequently documented incidence of moxalactam-induced bleeding episodes precludes its use as a primary preventive antibiotic; however, other less toxic cephalosporins may demonstrate similar effectiveness

Environmental Barriers and Supports to Participation for Individuals with Disabilities: An Evidence-Based Practice Project

This Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) project considered the following question: What environmental supports and barriers influence participation for individuals with disabilities and are there disparities, inequalities, or inequities between disabled and non-disabled groups

Human melanomas and ovarian cancers overexpressing mechanical barrier molecule genes lack immune signatures and have increased patient mortality risk.

We have identified eight genes whose expression in human melanoma metastases and ovarian cancers is associated with a lack of Th1 immune signatures. They encode molecules with mechanical barrier function in the skin and other normal tissues and include filaggrin (FLG), tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TACSTD2), and six desmosomal proteins (DST, DSC3, DSP, PPL, PKP3, and JUP). This association has been validated in an independent series of 114 melanoma metastases. In these, DST expression alone is sufficient to identify melanomas without immune signatures, while FLG and the other six putative barrier molecules are overexpressed in a different subset of melanomas lacking immune signatures. Similar associations have been identified in a set of 186 ovarian cancers. RNA-seq data from 471 melanomas and 307 ovarian cancers in the TCGA database further support these findings and also reveal that overexpression of barrier molecules is strongly associated with early patient mortality for melanoma (p = 0.0002) and for ovarian cancer (p < 0.01). Interestingly, this association persists for FLG for melanoma (p = 0.012) and ovarian cancer (p = 0.006), whereas DST overexpression is negatively associated with CD8(+) gene expression, but not with patient survival. Thus, overexpression of FLG or DST identifies two distinct patient populations with low immune cell infiltration in these cancers, but with different prognostic implications for each. These data raise the possibility that molecules with mechanical barrier function in skin and other tissues may be used by cancer cells to protect them from immune cell infiltration and immune-mediated destruction