38 research outputs found
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°
Solubility of several transition metal chlorides (NiCl2, CrCl2, MoCl3, FeCl2) was measured in KCl-AlCl3 based melts. It was found that the solubility of studied metal chlorides depends on K : Al mole ratio. MoCl3 solubility decreases with increasing AlCl3 content. Solubility of CrCl2 and FeCl2 reaches maximum at K : Al ratio of 1 and decreases when this ratio either de-creases or increases. The dependence of NiCl2 solubility on K : Al mole ratio is V-shaped with the maximum near 0.9β0.95. The effect of temperature on solubility of transition metal chlorides in KCl-AlCl3 melts was also investigated. Increasing temperature does notΒ alter the character of Β«solubility β K : Al mole ratioΒ» dependences.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π·Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (Π ΠΠ£Π) ΠΏΡΠΈ 200 ΒΊΠ‘. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π ΠΠ£Π ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° (Π ΠΠ), Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. Π‘ΠΏΠ»Π°Π² AZ31 ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠΌ ZK60
ΠΠ°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅Π³Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈ
When analyzing chemical compositions of snow the high variability of content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in snow cover between snowfalls is observed. Researchers explain this by concentrating of snow. However, another mechanism of atmospheric contamination of the snow cover surface is possible. It may be a precipitation of fine crystals of PAHs from the atmosphere in the composition of cryohydrates, which can form aerogenic anomalies on the snow surface at formation of hoarfrost. The process starts in the atmosphere during the interaction of finely dispersed crystals of PAHs with cloud supercooled drops. This results in the cryogenic concentration of solid particles of PAHs by way of formation of solid eutectic mixtureΒ β cryohydrates, which are a two-phase system consisting of a fine mixture of crystals of solid particles and ice. Evidence of their manifestation is the presence of the Forel hatching on the surface of the facets of the hoarfrost crystals appearing due to the different optical density of alternating zones, which consist of interpenetrating domains of crystallized solid aerosols and ice. At the same time, due to the presence of temperature inversion over the snow cover and its drying effect on the near-snow layer of air, a stable mass transport of water vapor down to the snow cover is formed, which can initiate the flow of fine cryohydrates from the PAHs. Therefore, the growth of atmospheric ice crystals, begun in the surface atmosphere, continues on the snow surface during formation of hoarfrost, thus creating a special nano-relief of snow cover. The paper presents the results of observations of changes in the concentration of individual PAHs in the upper 18Β mm layer of snow at accumulation of the surface hoarfrost during a long period between snowfalls. Some micro-morphological features of the forms of skeletal rime micro-crystals are shown, with which an increase in the nano-roughness of the snow surface is associated, as well as the manifestation of the signal of the aerogenic PAH anomaly on the snow surface. Since the conditions for the formation of surface hoarfrost occur more often than for snowfalls, the hoarfrost may be an informative object of testing when detecting hydrocarbon contamination of snow cover during the intervals between snowfalls.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΡΠΊΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈ, ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²
Current status of turbulent dynamo theory: From large-scale to small-scale dynamos
Several recent advances in turbulent dynamo theory are reviewed. High
resolution simulations of small-scale and large-scale dynamo action in periodic
domains are compared with each other and contrasted with similar results at low
magnetic Prandtl numbers. It is argued that all the different cases show
similarities at intermediate length scales. On the other hand, in the presence
of helicity of the turbulence, power develops on large scales, which is not
present in non-helical small-scale turbulent dynamos. At small length scales,
differences occur in connection with the dissipation cutoff scales associated
with the respective value of the magnetic Prandtl number. These differences are
found to be independent of whether or not there is large-scale dynamo action.
However, large-scale dynamos in homogeneous systems are shown to suffer from
resistive slow-down even at intermediate length scales. The results from
simulations are connected to mean field theory and its applications. Recent
work on helicity fluxes to alleviate large-scale dynamo quenching, shear
dynamos, nonlocal effects and magnetic structures from strong density
stratification are highlighted. Several insights which arise from analytic
considerations of small-scale dynamos are discussed.Comment: 36 pages, 11 figures, Spa. Sci. Rev., submitted to the special issue
"Magnetism in the Universe" (ed. A. Balogh
Applications of lignin in the agri-food industry
Of late, valorization of agri-food industrial by-products and their sustainable utilization is
gaining much contemplation world-over. Globally, 'Zero Waste Concept' is promoted with
main emphasis laid towards generation of minimal wastes and maximal utilization of plantbased
agri-food raw materials. One of the wastes/by-products in the agri-food industry are the
lignin, which occurs as lignocellulosic biomass. This biomass is deliberated to be an
environmental pollutant as they offer resistance to natural biodegradation. Safe disposal of this
biomass is often considered a major challenge, especially in low-income countries. Hence, the
application of modern technologies to effectively reduce these types of wastes and maximize
their potential use/applications is vital in the present day scenario. Nevertheless, in some of the
high-income countries, attempts have been made to efficiently utilize lignin as a source of fuel, as a raw material in the paper industry, as a filler material in biopolymer based packaging and
for producing bioethanol. However, as of today, agri-food industrial applications remains
significantly underexplored. Chemically, lignin is heterogeneous, bio-polymeric, polyphenolic
compound, which is present naturally in plants, providing mechanical strength and rigidity.
Reports are available wherein purified lignin is established to possess therapeutic values; and
are rich in antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-carcinogenic, antidiabetic properties, etc.
This chapter is divided into four sub-categories focusing on various technological
aspects related to isolation and characterization of lignin; established uses of lignin; proved
bioactivities and therapeutic potentials of lignin, and finally on identifying the existing research
gaps followed by future recommendations for potential use from agri-food industrial wastes.Theme of this chapter is based on our ongoing project- Valortech,
which has received funding from the European Unionβs Horizon 2020 research and innovation
program under grant agreement No 810630
Pollution of the snow surface with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during the formation of frost
When analyzing chemical compositions of snow the high variability of content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in snow cover between snowfalls is observed. Researchers explain this by concentrating of snow. However, another mechanism of atmospheric contamination of the snow cover surface is possible. It may be a precipitation of fine crystals of PAHs from the atmosphere in the composition of cryohydrates, which can form aerogenic anomalies on the snow surface at formation of hoarfrost. The process starts in the atmosphere during the interaction of finely dispersed crystals of PAHs with cloud supercooled drops. This results in the cryogenic concentration of solid particles of PAHs by way of formation of solid eutectic mixtureΒ β cryohydrates, which are a two-phase system consisting of a fine mixture of crystals of solid particles and ice. Evidence of their manifestation is the presence of the Forel hatching on the surface of the facets of the hoarfrost crystals appearing due to the different optical density of alternating zones, which consist of interpenetrating domains of crystallized solid aerosols and ice. At the same time, due to the presence of temperature inversion over the snow cover and its drying effect on the near-snow layer of air, a stable mass transport of water vapor down to the snow cover is formed, which can initiate the flow of fine cryohydrates from the PAHs. Therefore, the growth of atmospheric ice crystals, begun in the surface atmosphere, continues on the snow surface during formation of hoarfrost, thus creating a special nano-relief of snow cover. The paper presents the results of observations of changes in the concentration of individual PAHs in the upper 18Β mm layer of snow at accumulation of the surface hoarfrost during a long period between snowfalls. Some micro-morphological features of the forms of skeletal rime micro-crystals are shown, with which an increase in the nano-roughness of the snow surface is associated, as well as the manifestation of the signal of the aerogenic PAH anomaly on the snow surface. Since the conditions for the formation of surface hoarfrost occur more often than for snowfalls, the hoarfrost may be an informative object of testing when detecting hydrocarbon contamination of snow cover during the intervals between snowfalls
Impact of Severe Plastic Deformation on the stability of MgH 2
International audienc