1,329 research outputs found
Analysis of the Spectral Energy Distributions of Fermi bright blazars
Blazars are a small fraction of all extragalactic sources but, unlike other
objects, they are strong emitters across the entire electromagnetic spectrum.
In this study we have conducted a detailed investigation of the broad-band
spectral properties of the gamma-ray selected blazars of the Fermi-LAT Bright
AGN Sample (LBAS). By combining the accurately estimated Fermi gamma-ray
spectra with Swift, radio, NIR-Optical and hard-X/gamma-ray data, collected
within three months of the LBAS data taking period, we were able to assemble
high-quality and quasi-simultaneous Spectral Energy Distributions (SED) for 48
LBAS blazars.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figures, "2009 Fermi Symposium", "eConf Proceedings
C091122
Hadronic interactions of primary cosmic rays with the FLUKA code
The measured fluxes of secondary particles produced by the interactions of
cosmic rays with the astronomical environment represent a powerful tool to
infer some properties of primary cosmic rays. In this work we investigate the
production of secondary particles in inelastic hadronic interactions between
several cosmic rays species of projectiles and different target nuclei of the
interstellar medium. The yields of secondary particles have been calculated
with the FLUKA simulation package, that provides with very good accuracy the
energy distributions of secondary products in a large energy range. An
application to the propagation and production of secondaries in the Galaxy is
presented.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures; Contribution to the 34th International Cosmic Ray
Conference, July 30 to August 6, The Hague, Netherlands; fixing a typo in the
y-axis label of Fig.
Markov chain Monte Carlo analyses of the flux ratios of B, Be and Li with the DRAGON2 code
Recent cosmic-ray measurements are challenging our models of propagation in
the Galaxy. A good characterization of the secondary cosmic rays (B, Be, Li and
sub-iron species) is crucial to constrain these models and exploit the
precision of modern CR experiments. In this work, a Markov chain Monte Carlo
analysis has been implemented to fit the experimental flux ratios between B, Be
and Li and their flux ratios to the primary nuclei C and O. We have fitted the
data using two different parametrizations for the spallation cross sections.
The uncertainties in the evaluation of the spectra of these secondary cosmic
rays, due to spallation cross sections, have been considered by introducing
scale factors as nuisance parameters. We have also tested two different
formulations for the diffusion coefficient, which differ in the origin of the
high energy hardening of cosmic rays. Additionally, two different approaches
are used to scale the cross sections, one based on a combined analysis of all
the species ("combined" analysis) and the other reproducing the high energy
spectra of the secondary-to-secondary flux ratios of Be/B, Li/B, Li/Be
("scaled" analysis). This allows us to make a better comparison between the
propagation parameters inferred from the cross sections parametrizations tested
in this work. This novel analysis has been successfully implemented using the
numerical code DRAGON2 to reproduce the cosmic-ray nuclei data up to
from the AMS-02 experiment. It is found that the ratios of Li favor a harder
spectral index of the diffusion coefficient, but compatible with the other
ratios inside the observed uncertainties. In addition, it is shown
that, including these scale factors, the secondary-to-primary flux ratios can
be simultaneously reproduced.Comment: 27 pages, 10 figures, 9 table
FLUKA cross sections for cosmic-ray interactions with the DRAGON2 code
Secondary particles produced in spallation reactions of cosmic rays with the interstellar gas provide valuable information that allow us to investigate the injection and transport of charged particles in the Galaxy. A good understanding of the cross sections of production of these particles is crucial to correctly interpret our models, although the existing experimental data is very scarce and uncertain. We have developed a new set of cross sections, both inelastic and inclusive, computed with the FLUKA Monte Carlo nuclear code and tested its compatibility with CR data. Inelastic and inclusive cross sections have been compared to the most up-to-date data and parameterisations finding a general good agreement. Then, these cross sections have been implemented in the DRAGON2 code to characterize the spectra of CR nuclei up to Z = 26 and the secondary-to-primary ratios of B, Be and Li. Interestingly, we find that the FLUKA cross sections allow us to predict an energy-dependence of the B, Be and Li flux ratios which is compatible with AMS-02 data and to reproduce simultaneously these flux ratios with a scaling lower than 20%. Finally, we implement the cross sections of production of gamma rays, calculated with FLUKA, in the Gammasky code and compute diffuse gamma-ray sky maps and the local HI emissivity spectrum, finding a very good agreement with Fermi Large Area Telescope data
FLUKA cross sections for cosmic-ray interactions with the DRAGON2 code
Secondary particles produced in spallation reactions of cosmic rays with the interstellar gas provide valuable information that allow us to investigate the injection and transport of charged particles in the Galaxy. A good understanding of the cross sections of production of these particles is crucial to correctly interpret our models, although the existing experimental data is very scarce and uncertain. We have developed a new set of cross sections, both inelastic and inclusive, computed with the FLUKA Monte Carlo nuclear code and tested its compatibility with CR data. Inelastic and inclusive cross sections have been compared to the most up-to-date data and parameterisations finding a general good agreement. Then, these cross sections have been implemented in the DRAGON2 code to characterize the spectra of CR nuclei up to Z = 26 and the secondary-to-primary ratios of B, Be and Li. Interestingly, we find that the FLUKA cross sections allow us to predict an energy-dependence of the B, Be and Li flux ratios which is compatible with AMS-02 data and to reproduce simultaneously these flux ratios with a scaling lower than 20%. Finally, we implement the cross sections of production of gamma rays, calculated with FLUKA, in the Gammasky code and compute diffuse gamma-ray sky maps and the local HI emissivity spectrum, finding a very good agreement with Fermi Large Area Telescope data
Identification of particles with Lorentz factor up to with Transition Radiation Detectors based on micro-strip silicon detectors
This work is dedicated to the study of a technique for hadron identification
in the TeV momentum range, based on the simultaneous measurement of the
energies and of the emission angles of the Transition Radiation (TR) X-rays
with respect to the radiating particles. A detector setup has been built and
tested with particles in a wide range of Lorentz factors (from about to
about crossing different types of radiators. The measured
double-differential (in energy and angle) spectra of the TR photons are in a
reasonably good agreement with TR simulation predictions.Comment: 31 pages, 12 figures, paper published on Nuclear Instruments &
Methods
Gleam: the GLAST Large Area Telescope Simulation Framework
This paper presents the simulation of the GLAST high energy gamma-ray
telescope. The simulation package, written in C++, is based on the Geant4
toolkit, and it is integrated into a general framework used to process events.
A detailed simulation of the electronic signals inside Silicon detectors has
been provided and it is used for the particle tracking, which is handled by a
dedicated software. A unique repository for the geometrical description of the
detector has been realized using the XML language and a C++ library to access
this information has been designed and implemented.Comment: 10 pages, Late
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