9,359 research outputs found
Measurement of Magnetization Dynamics in Single-Molecule Magnets Induced by Pulsed Millimeter-Wave Radiation
We describe an experiment aimed at measuring the spin dynamics of the Fe8
single-molecule magnet in the presence of pulsed microwave radiation. In
earlier work, heating was observed after a 0.2-ms pulse of intense radiation,
indicating that the spin system and the lattice were out of thermal equilibrium
at millisecond time scale [Bal et al., Europhys. Lett. 71, 110 (2005)]. In the
current work, an inductive pick-up loop is used to probe the photon-induced
magnetization dynamics between only two levels of the spin system at much
shorter time scales (from ns to us). The relaxation time for the magnetization,
induced by a pulse of radiation, is found to be on the order of 10 us.Comment: 3 RevTeX pages, including 3 eps figures. The paper will appear in the
Journal of Applied Physics as MMM'05 conference proceeding
Reducing Polarization Mode Dispersion With Controlled Polarization Rotations
One of the fundamental limitations to high bit rate, long distance,
telecommunication in optical fibers is Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD). Here
we introduce a conceptually new method to reduce PMD in optical fibers by
carrying out controlled rotations of polarization at predetermined locations
along the fiber. The distance between these controlled polarization rotations
must be less than both the beat length and the mode coupling length of the
fiber. This method can also be combined with the method in which the fiber is
spun while it drawn. The incidence of imperfections on the efficiency of the
method is analysed.Comment: 4 page
Political trials and the suppression of popular radicalism in England, 1799-1820
This chapter examines the decision-making process between the Home Office and the government’s law officers in prosecuting individuals for sedition and treason in the period 1799–1820. The term state trial suggests a more centralised and government-led repression of popular radicalism than the process was in practice. Provincial reformers also faced the complex layers of their local justice system, which was more loyalist, committed to stamping out political radicalism. The trial of the “Thirty Eight” Manchester radicals in June 1812 demonstrates the mutable definitions of treason, sedition and processes of justice in the theatre of the court.Peer reviewe
Nonlinear c-axis transport in Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_(8+d) from two-barrier tunneling
Motivated by the peculiar features observed through intrinsic tunneling
spectroscopy of BiSrCaCuO mesas in the normal state,
we have extended the normal state two-barrier model for the c-axis transport
[M. Giura et al., Phys. Rev. B {\bf 68}, 134505 (2003)] to the analysis of
curves. We have found that the purely normal-state model reproduces all
the following experimental features: (a) the parabolic -dependence of
in the high- region (above the conventional pseudogap temperature),
(b) the emergence and the nearly voltage-independent position of the "humps"
from this parabolic behavior lowering the temperature, and (c) the crossing of
the absolute curves at a characteristic voltage . Our
findings indicate that conventional tunneling can be at the origin of most of
the uncommon features of the c axis transport in
BiSrCaCuO. We have compared our calculations to
experimental data taken in severely underdoped and slightly underdoped
BiSrCaCuO small mesas. We have found good agreement
between the data and the calculations, without any shift of the calculated
dI/dV on the vertical scale. In particular, in the normal state (above
) simple tunneling reproduces the experimental dI/dV quantitatively.
Below quantitative discrepancies are limited to a simple rescaling of
the voltage in the theoretical curves by a factor 2. The need for such
modifications remains an open question, that might be connected to a change of
the charge of a fraction of the carriers across the pseudogap opening.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Axially open nonradiative structures: an example of single-mode resonator based on the sample holder
The concept of nonradiative dielectric resonator is generalized in order to
include axially open configurations having rotational invariance. The resulting
additional nonradiative conditions are established for the different resonance
modes on the basis of their azimuthal modal index. An approximate chart of the
allowed dielectric and geometrical parameters for the TE011 mode is given. A
practical realization of the proposed device based on commercial fused quartz
tubes is demonstrated at millimeter wavelengths, together with simple
excitation and tuning mechanisms. The observed resonances are characterized in
their basic parameters, as well as in the field distribution by means of a
finite element method. The predictions of the theoretical analysis are well
confirmed, both in the general behaviour and in the expected quality factors.
The resulting device, in which the sample holder acts itself as single-mode
resonating element, combines an extreme ease of realization with
state-of-the-art performances. The general benefits of the proposed open
single-mode resonators are finally discussed.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figure
Simulations of a lattice model of two-headed linear amphiphiles: influence of amphiphile asymmetry
Using a 2D lattice model, we conduct Monte Carlo simulations of micellar
aggregation of linear-chain amphiphiles having two solvophilic head groups. In
the context of this simple model, we quantify how the amphiphile architecture
influences the critical micelle concentration (CMC), with a particular focus on
the role of the asymmetry of the amphiphile structure. Accordingly, we study
all possible arrangements of the head groups along amphiphile chains of fixed
length and 16 molecular units. This set of idealized amphiphile
architectures approximates many cases of symmetric and asymmetric gemini
surfactants, double-headed surfactants and boloform surfactants. Consistent
with earlier results, we find that the number of spacer units separating
the heads has a significant influence on the CMC, with the CMC increasing with
for . In comparison, the influence of the asymmetry of the chain
architecture on the CMC is much weaker, as is also found experimentally.Comment: 30 pages, 17 fgure
Ince's limits for confluent and double-confluent Heun equations
We find pairs of solutions to a differential equation which is obtained as a
special limit of a generalized spheroidal wave equation (this is also known as
confluent Heun equation). One solution in each pair is given by a series of
hypergeometric functions and converges for any finite value of the independent
variable , while the other is given by a series of modified Bessel functions
and converges for , where denotes a regular singularity.
For short, the preceding limit is called Ince's limit after Ince who have used
the same procedure to get the Mathieu equations from the Whittaker-Hill ones.
We find as well that, when tends to zero, the Ince limit of the
generalized spheroidal wave equation turns out to be the Ince limit of a
double-confluent Heun equation, for which solutions are provided. Finally, we
show that the Schr\"odinger equation for inverse fourth and sixth-power
potentials reduces to peculiar cases of the double-confluent Heun equation and
its Ince's limit, respectively.Comment: Submitted to Journal of Mathmatical Physic
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