Automated system for diagnosing craniocerebral injury

A Russian national computing and communication system designed to assist non-specialized physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of craniocerebral injury is described

Synthesis of α-amino phosphonates by diastereoselective addition of diethyl phosphite sodium salt to aldimines derived from Betti base

© 2016A diastereoselective (de 80–92%) synthesis of α-amino phosphonates was accomplished by reaction of diethyl phosphite sodium salt with 3-R-1-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphth[1,2-e]-[1,3]oxazines being the products of aminoacetalization of aldehydes with 1-(α-aminobenzyl)-2-naphthol (Betti base)

Structure-Sensitive Mechanism of Nanographene Failure

The response of a nanographene sheet to external stresses is considered in terms of a mechanochemical reaction. The quantum chemical realization of the approach is based on a coordinate-of-reaction concept for the purpose of introducing a mechanochemical internal coordinate (MIC) that specifies a deformational mode. The related force of response is calculated as the energy gradient along the MIC, while the atomic configuration is optimized over all of the other coordinates under the MIC constant-pitch elongation. The approach is applied to the benzene molecule and (5, 5) nanographene. A drastic anisotropy in the microscopic behavior of both objects under elongation along a MIC has been observed when the MIC is oriented either along or normally to the C-C bonds chain. Both the anisotropy and high stiffness of the nanographene originate at the response of the benzenoid unit to stress.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures 1 tabl

Phosphorylation of betti base with diethyl chlorophosphate

© 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.Phosphoric acid derivatives containing chiral Betti base fragment were synthesized by reacting racemic and enantiopure N-Boc-protected 1-(α-aminobenzyl)-2-naphthols with diethyl chlorophosphate followed by deprotection

Monoterpenoids dithiophosphates. Synthesis and biological activity

O,O-Dialkyldithiophosphoric acids adds at the double bond of the racemic camphene and (+)- limonene in the presence of Lewis acids in accordance with the Markownikoff rule with the formation of Sterpenyl esters of dithiophosphoric acids. The reaction with camphene is accompanied by the rearrangement of camphane structure to that of bornane. Addition of dithiophosphoric acid to (+)-limonene proceeds with the participation of the exocyclic double bond. Toxic and genotoxic properties of the monoterpenoid dithiophosphates were studied. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2010

Photochemistry of Furyl- and Thienyldiazomethanes: Spectroscopic Characterization of Triplet 3-Thienylcarbene

Photolysis (λ \u3e 543 nm) of 3-thienyldiazomethane (1), matrix isolated in Ar or N2 at 10 K, yields triplet 3-thienylcarbene (13) and α-thial-methylenecyclopropene (9). Carbene 13 was characterized by IR, UV/vis, and EPR spectroscopy. The conformational isomers of 3-thienylcarbene (s-E and s-Z) exhibit an unusually large difference in zero-field splitting parameters in the triplet EPR spectrum (|D/hc| = 0.508 cm–1, |E/hc| = 0.0554 cm–1; |D/hc| = 0.579 cm–1, |E/hc| = 0.0315 cm–1). Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) calculations reveal substantially differing spin densities in the 3-thienyl ring at the positions adjacent to the carbene center, which is one factor contributing to the large difference in D values. NBO calculations also reveal a stabilizing interaction between the sp orbital of the carbene carbon in the s-Z rotamer of 13 and the antibonding σ orbital between sulfur and the neighboring carbon—an interaction that is not observed in the s-E rotamer of 13. In contrast to the EPR spectra, the electronic absorption spectra of the rotamers of triplet 3-thienylcarbene (13) are indistinguishable under our experimental conditions. The carbene exhibits a weak electronic absorption in the visible spectrum (λmax = 467 nm) that is characteristic of triplet arylcarbenes. Although studies of 2-thienyldiazomethane (2), 3-furyldiazomethane (3), or 2-furyldiazomethane (4) provided further insight into the photochemical interconversions among C5H4S or C5H4O isomers, these studies did not lead to the spectroscopic detection of the corresponding triplet carbenes (2-thienylcarbene (11), 3-furylcarbene (23), or 2-furylcarbene (22), respectively)

Synthesis of S-containing derivatives of the sesquiterpene lactone Britanin

The optimal method for isolating the sesquiterpene lactone britanin from the aerial part of Inula britannica L. (Asteraceae) was developed. Britanin was functionalized by reacting it with methyl mercaptoacetate. ©2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc

Functional state of the nigrostriatal system of Krushinsky – Molodkina rats during audiogenic seizure expression

Neurochemical mechanisms of initiation and expression of epileptic seizures are poorly explored, and there are no published data that could demonstrate the functional state of the neuromediator systems at the initial state of seizure in the animals genetically prone to seizure. In the current work, we studied the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) in the regulation of the nigrostriatal glutamate, GABA and dopamine neurons of Krushinsky – Molodkina rats at clonus-tonus and ataxia stages of audiogenic seizure. We demonstrated upregulation of ERK1/2 activity upon audio stimulation which was accompanied by increased activation of Synapsin I in the striatum and substantia nigra in comparison to intact Krushinsky – Molodkina rats. The observed exocytosis activation led to secretion of glutamate in the striatum and, as a result, to stimulation of seizures. However, at clonus-tonus stage in the striatum we revealed the changes that could participate in further inhibition of seizure activity, such as increased phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase upon increased ERK1/2 activity followed by activation of dopamine release in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra. At the same time, enhanced D2 and increased D1 dopamine receptor contents were observed. These data revealed attenuation of direct (pro-seizure) and indirect (anti-seizure) pathways of the regulation of the substantia nigra GABA neurons. We demonstrated activation of GABA in the substantia nigra pars reticulate, which probably results in the inhibition of glutamate neurons of the thalamus and could be one of the mechanisms inhibiting seizure activity during ataxia

Congenital hyperinsulinism in newborns and young children: the state of the problem and the results of surgical treatment

Congenital hyperinsulinism causes irreversible damage to the cerebral cortex with subsequent disability in children. The article presents the features of etiopathogenesis, clinical picture of the disease. The histological variants of pancreatic lesions are analyzed in detail. The principles of correct diagnosis are formulated. A new in Russia method for the preoperative determination of the histological form of the disease, which is carried out at the y, Almazov National Medical Research Centre since 2017, – PET/ CT with 18F-DOPA, explained the biochemical basis of its clinical application and the examination technique. The principles of the selection of drug therapy with possible complications, the need for an adequate assessment of its effectiveness are described. If it is impossible to achieve a stable target euglycemia without the need for intravenous glucose infusion, surgical correction of the disease is indicated. In schematic drawings and intraoperative photographs, approaches to surgical treatment are described, the stages of operations and possible complications are clearly disassembled. The results of surgical interventions at the N.N. V.A. Almazov for 01.2017–02.2021, where 39 children with congenital hyperinsulinism were operated on. According to PET/CT with 18F-DOPA, 15 diffuse and 24 focal forms were diagnosed. After surgery, in 12 (31%) patients, a diffuse lesion of the gland was confirmed, in 23 (59%) – a focal nature of the lesion, in 4 (10%) – an atypical form was diagnosed intraoperatively. Of 39 children, 36 (92%) have complete relief of hyperinsulinism, a significant improvement in psychomotor development, of which 9 (23%) need insulin replacement therapy with minimal dosages, these are 8 children with a diffuse form of the disease and 1 child with an atypical one. Intraand postoperative complications were not observed. Thus, partial pancreatectomy for focal forms, subtotal for atypical and near total for diffuse forms, can cope with hypoglycemia due to congenital hyperinsulinism and prevent damage to the central nervous system of newborns and infants