Perkiraan Dosis Radiasi Yang Diterima Publik Di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung

Bangka and Belitung Islands is known to have the geological potential of mineral resources, especially tin along with its accessory minerals which are distributed in almost all land and sea regions. Besides tin, tin mining activities in Bangka Belitung produces a by-product containing radioactive substances which have a risk as one of factor that can affect on the health of publics members. A major contribution of the radiation dose to the publics health comes from natural radionuclides of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in accessory minerals of tin core. The aim of this study was to estimate the total annual radiation dose received by the cmembers of the public in Bangka-Belitung through external and internal exposure. Estimation of external dose was based on the concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the soil and gamma exposure rate direct measurement in public houses. While the internal dose was estimated based on intake of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K by ingestion of foodstuffs that were consummed by public of Bangka - Belitung (vegetables, seeds, tubers, fruits, fishes and drinking water). Internal dose also estimated from the inhalation of radon (222Rn) and thoron (220Rn) inside the house. The annual effective external doses of outdoor and indoor ranged between 0,05 to 11,55 mSv (mean=1,17 mSv) and 0,15 to 2,10 mSv (mean=0,69 mSv) per year respectively. The annual effective internal doses by ingestion of foodstuffs and drinking water and inhalation of radon and thoron gases were 0.20 mSv, 0,76 mSv and 2,32 respectively. So that the total annual effective doses received by the member of the public in Bangka-Belitung through external and internal exposure was 5.14 mSv. In conclusion, the members of the public in Bangka – Belitung islands received higher dose of radiation than the worldwide average value for normal areas

Natural Radionuclides Determination and Radiological Hazard Assessments in Soil from Tual and Kei Islands, Indonesia

Natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in soil are the primary component of the background exposure sources of the population. Study of the external exposure due to gamma-ray radiation of natural radionuclides is important because this may contribute significantly to the total annual individual dose. The purpose of this   study is to investigate the natural radionuclides in soils collected from Tual and Kei islands and assess the radiological hazard due to natural radionuclides contents in soil. The soil samples were analyzed for natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K using gamma ray spectrometry. Radiological hazard parameters were estimated from the activity concentration of these radionuclides in order to assess health implication of exposure of the general public. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in soil samples varied from 7.50 Bq kg-1 to 6326 Bq kg-1, 0.99 Bq kg-1 to 157 Bq kg-1, 2.97 kg-1to 98.91 Bq kg-1 with the average value of 2162 Bq kg-1; 69.68 Bq kg-1 and 30.74 Bq kg-1, respectively. The absorbed dose rates due to the presence of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, in soil samples in the studied area vary between the range of 4.88 nGy h-1 and 3018.80 nGy h-1 with the average value of 1042 nGy h-1. The corresponding outdoor annual effective doses ranged between 0.01 mSv y-1 and 3.70 mSv y-1 with the average value of 1.28 mSv y-1. Radium equivalent activities are calculated to be in the range of 10.42 Bq kg-1 -6553.03 Bq kg-1 with the average value of 2264 Bq kg-1.The external and internal hazard indexes vary from 0.03 to 17.71 with the average value of 6.12 and 0.05 to 34.81 with the average value of 11.96, respectively. All calculated average radiological hazard indices were higher than the limits recommended for individual members of the public

Uji Kesukaan Hasil Jadi Kue Brownies Menggunakan Tepung Terigu dan Tepung Gandum Utuh

The purpose of this research is to discover the degree of preferences in flavor, aroma, color, shape, and texture in the Brownies using 100% whole grain flour and to discover the public acceptability to the Brownies using 100% whole wheat flour. The research is using Experimental Research. The research is using a descriptive statistical analysis method that is used to analyze data in ways that describe or depict the data that has been collected. The results showed that the average yield of the Brownies using 100% whole grain flour is higher than Brownies with wheat flour. On the basis of these results, it can be concluded that people prefer like Brownies using whole grain flour instead of Brownies using wheat flour

Geologic Influence on Radon Concentrations Levels in Cave: A Case Study of Mimpi Cave in the Maros Karst of South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Radon gas in the natural environment mainly comes from the release of local bedrock geology and easily accumulate in closed spaces such as basements and caves. This study was performed to investigate the radon concentrations in Mimpi Cave, Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park, in the Maros karst area, South Sulawesi, and discussed a possible relationship between the radon concentrations and the local geology. Measurements were carried out using a passive detection technique with CR-39 nuclear tracks detectors by exposing it for a period of three months. The 222Rn levels measured inside the cave ranges from 64.03 Bq m‑3 to 3396.02 Bq m‑3, with an average value of 1075.05 Bq m‑3.The results are comparable with radon concentration in different caves environments reported from other surveys in several countries. Geological background of the Maros Karst areas could sustain the measured radon values, due to the presence of limestone rock with a mineral composition which can lead to higher radon concentrations in Mimpi Cave

Multi Objectives Fuzzy Ant Colony Optimization Design of Supply Path Searching

One of problem faced in supply chain management is path searching. The best path depend not only on distance, but also other variables, such as: the quality of involved companies, quality of delivered product, and other value resulted by quality measurement. Commonly, the ant colony optimization could search the best path that has only one objective path. But it would be difficult to be adopted, because in the real case, the supply path has multi path and objectives (especially in palm oil based bioenergy supply). The objective of this paper is to improve the ant colony optimization for solving multi objectives based supply path problem by using fuzzy ant colony optimization. The developed multi objectives fuzzy ant colony optimization design was explained here, that it was used to search the best supply path. Salah satu masalah yang dihadapi dalam Supply Chain Management adalah pencarian jalur. Jalur terbaik tidak hanya tergantung pada jarak, tetapi juga variabel lain, seperti: kualitas Perusahaan yang terlibat, kualitas produk yang dikirimkan, dan nilai lain yang dipengaruhi oleh pengukuran kualitas. Umumnya, Ant Colony Optimization bisa mencari jalur terbaik yang hanya memiliki satu jalur objektif. Tapi akan sulit untuk diadopsi, karena dalam kasus nyata, jalur supply memiliki banyak jalur dan tujuan (khususnya pasokan minyak kelapa sawit berbasis bioenergi). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan Ant Colony Optimization dalam menyelesaikan masalah jalur supply dengan menggunakan Fuzzy Ant Colony Optimization. Tujuan pengembangan Fuzzy Ant Colony Optimization dijelaskan disini, yaitu digunakan untuk mencari jalur supply terbaik

Analisis Dosis Radiasi Alam dari Paparan Radon dan Radiasi Gamma di Rumah Penduduk di Kalimantan Barat

ANALISIS DOSIS RADIASI ALAM DARI PAPARAN RADON DAN RADIASI GAMMA DI RUMAH PENDUDUK DI KALIMANTAN BARAT. Telah dilakukan analisis dosis radiasi alam yang berasal dari radiasi radon dan radiasi gamma di rumah penduduk di wilayah Kalimantan Barat. Dosis radon diukur menggunakan metode pasif dengan detektor jejak nuklir CR-39 yang dipasang di rumah penduduk selama 3-4 bulan, sedangkan dosis radiasi gamma diukur menggunakan surveimeter model Ludlum-19 . Setelah selesai detektor di ambil kemudian dilakukan proses di laboratorium untuk dilakukan penentuan konsentrasi radon di dalam rumah penduduk. Hasil analisis dari CR-39 diperoleh hasil konsentrasi radon di dalam rumah penduduk dalam rentang 3,13 – 69,57 Bq/m3 dengan nilai rerata sebesar 21,65 ± 1,53 Bq/m3. Konsentrasi ini masih di bawah tingkat referensi radon yang ditetapkan oleh unscear sebesar 300 Bq/m3. Sedangkan dari pengukukuran konsentrasi Ra-226 dalam bahan bangunan diperoleh hasil dalam rentang 4,75-15,75 Bq/kg. Hasil analisis dosis yang berasal dari radon di rumah penduduk diperoleh nilai dalam rumah dalam rentang nilai 0,08 – 1,11 mSv/tahun dengan rerata sebesar 0,38 ± 0,03 mSv/tahun. Sedangkan dosis gamma yang diukur langsung menggunakan surveimeter diperoleh nilai 0,15 – 0,23 mSv/tahun. Sehingga dosis radiasi alam yang diterima penduduk di Kalimantan Barat sebesar 0,55 – 1,32 mSv/tahun dengannilai rerata sebesar 0,69 ± 0,20 mSv/tahun. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa dosis radiasi yang berasal dari paparan radon di dalam rumah di Kalimantan Barat masih di bawah dosis rata-rata di dunia sebesar 2.4 mSv/tahun. Data ini berguna dalam pengambilan kebijakan tentang kesehatan yang berhubungan dengan radiasi di Indonesia