Equation level matching: An extension of the method of matched asymptotic expansion for problems of wave propagation

We introduce an alternative to the method of matched asymptotic expansions. In the "traditional" implementation, approximate solutions, valid in different (but overlapping) regions are matched by using "intermediate" variables. Here we propose to match at the level of the equations involved, via a "uniform expansion" whose equations enfold those of the approximations to be matched. This has the advantage that one does not need to explicitly solve the asymptotic equations to do the matching, which can be quite impossible for some problems. In addition, it allows matching to proceed in certain wave situations where the traditional approach fails because the time behaviors differ (e.g., one of the expansions does not include dissipation). On the other hand, this approach does not provide the fairly explicit approximations resulting from standard matching. In fact, this is not even its aim, which to produce the "simplest" set of equations that capture the behavior

Simple Viscous Flows: from Boundary Layers to the Renormalization Group

The seemingly simple problem of determining the drag on a body moving through a very viscous fluid has, for over 150 years, been a source of theoretical confusion, mathematical paradoxes, and experimental artifacts, primarily arising from the complex boundary layer structure of the flow near the body and at infinity. We review the extensive experimental and theoretical literature on this problem, with special emphasis on the logical relationship between different approaches. The survey begins with the developments of matched asymptotic expansions, and concludes with a discussion of perturbative renormalization group techniques, adapted from quantum field theory to differential equations. The renormalization group calculations lead to a new prediction for the drag coefficient, one which can both reproduce and surpass the results of matched asymptotics

Application of harmonic wavelets to processing oscillating hydroacoustic signals

The paper is devoted to the application of specific functions called harmonic wavelets, which are aimed at processing a wide range of oscillating hydroacoustic signals including multiharmonic and transient signals. We provide basics of the harmonic wavelet transform and a two-stage algorithm for computing wavelet coefficients based on the discrete Fourier transform. We introduce a special efficiency factor of applying these wavelets to oscillating hydroacoustic signals. Application of harmonic wavelets is efficient for processing oscillating hydroacoustic signals since harmonic wavelets have similarities with these types of signals. In many cases the best basis is the basis that has high correlation with the investigated signals since signal representation in such a basis will require a small number of components. We devote special attention to a very important practical task - denoising of oscillating signals using special statistical criteria and wavelet-based thresholding

Применение метформина – целевая метаболическая терапия в онкологии

It is well known that metformin is widely used for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. However, in numerous epidemiological studies it was shown that patients taking metformin were less likely to have cancer of different localization and had better survival prognosis. Many researchers consider metformin to be a targeted metabolic drug that has many goals: it acts on mitochondria, affects intracellular signaling, blocks channels, inhibits the formation of endothelial and platelet growth factors, reduces the level of vitamins involved in the synthesis of nucleotides and amino acids, etc. It has also been established that metformin belongs to the group of “metabostemness” drugs, that is, it acts on cancer stem cells, blocking their division. We conducted a survey study that highlights the most important mechanisms and fields of application of metformin. The study of the use of this drug in oncology will make it possible to understand the pathogenetic targets of metabolic therapy and the prevention of cancer. Общеизвестно широкое применение метформина для лечения сахарного диабета II типа. Однако в многочисленных эпидемиологических исследованиях было показано, что больные, принимавшие метформин, реже болели раком различной локализации и имели лучший прогноз по выживаемости. Многие исследователи считают метформин таргетным метаболическим препаратом, который имеет множество целей: действует на митохондрии, влияет на внутриклеточный сигналинг, блокирует каналы, тормозит образование эндотелиального и тромбоцитарного факторов роста, снижает уровень витаминов, вовлеченных в синтез нуклеотидов и аминокислот и пр. Также установлено, что метформин относится к группе «метабостемных» препаратов, то есть действует на раковые стволовые клетки, блокируя их деление. Нами проведено обзорное исследование, которое освещает важнейшие механизмы и области применения метформина. Изучение применения данного препарата в онкологии позволит понять патогенетические мишени метаболической терапии и профилактики онкопатологий.

Применение микрофлюидного аппаратного оснащения в синтезе производных олигогексаметиленгуанидина

Objectives. To develop a method for the microfluidic synthesis of oligohexamethylene guanidine salts in a flow-type reactor and to evaluate its effectiveness in relation to the synthesis in a traditional capacitive reactor and compare the purities of products obtained by these methods.Methods. The synthesis of oligohexamethylene guanidine bihydrocarbonate (OHMG-BHC) was done using microfluidic hardware and the classical approach in volume. The purity and structure of the resulting product were confirmed by 13C NMR spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results. The 13C NMR spectrum of OHMG-BHC in classical bulk synthesis demonstrates that the product is unbranched and contains additionally unidentifiable impurities, in contrast to the sample obtained by the microfluidic method. Furthermore, the HPLC analysis showed that the OHMG-BHC sample synthesized using microfluidic technology has a 1.5-fold lower content than the initial monomers.Conclusions. The advantage of synthesizing OHMG-BHC in a flow-type reactor compared to the traditional method of synthesis in volume is demonstrated since a product with a higher degree of purity is obtained.Цели. Разработать методику микрофлюидного синтеза солей олигогексаметиленгуанидина в реакторе проточного типа и оценить ее эффективность по сравнению с синтезом в классическом емкостном реакторе, а также сравнить чистоту продуктов, полученных данными методами.Методы. Синтез олигогексаметиленгуанидина дигидрокарбоната (ОГМГ-ДГК) проводили с применением микрофлюидного аппаратного оснащения и классическим методом в объеме. Подтверждение чистоты и структуры полученного продукта осуществляли с помощью 13C ЯМР спектроскопии и высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии (ВЭЖХ).Результаты. Спектр 13C ЯМР ОГМГ-ДГК при классическом синтезе в объеме демонстрирует, что продукт является неразветвленным и содержит дополнительно неидентифицируемые примеси в отличие от образца, полученного микрофлюидным способом. Анализ методом ВЭЖХ показал, что образец ОГМГ-ДГК, синтезированный с помощью микрофлюидной технологии, имеет в 1.5 раза более низкое содержание исходных мономеров.Выводы. Синтез ОГМГ-ДГК в проточном реакторе имеет преимущество по сравнению с классическим способом синтеза в объеме, поскольку выдает продукт с более высокой степенью чистоты

Исследование алгоритмов адаптации для обработки гидроакустических сигналов

Adaptive algorithms for processing signals of antenna arrays in real-time with linear constraints are considered for hydroacoustic tasks. The analysis results of these algorithms are provided and their characteristics are given. Recommendations for using the algorithms in various conditions are given.Рассмотрены адаптивные алгоритмы обработки сигналов антенных решеток в режиме реального времени с линейными ограничениями в приложении к задачам гидроакустики. Приведены результаты анализа указанных алгоритмов и их сравнительные характеристики. Даны рекомендации по использованию алгоритмов

A separation of electrons and protons in the GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope

The GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope is intended to measure the fluxes of gamma rays and cosmic-ray electrons and positrons in the energy range from 100 MeV to several TeV. Such measurements concern with the following scientific goals: search for signatures of dark matter, investigation of gamma-ray point and extended sources, studies of the energy spectra of Galactic and extragalactic diffuse emission, studies of gamma-ray bursts and gamma-ray emission from the active Sun, as well as high-precision measurements of spectra of high-energy electrons and positrons, protons, and nuclei up to the knee. The main components of cosmic rays are protons and helium nuclei, whereas the part of lepton component in the total flux is ~10E-3 for high energies. In present paper, the capability of the GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope to distinguish electrons and positrons from protons in cosmic rays is investigated. The individual contribution to the proton rejection is studied for each detector system of the GAMMA-400 gamma-ray telescope. Using combined information from all detector systems allow us to provide the proton rejection from electrons with a factor of ~4x10E5 for vertical incident particles and ~3x10E5 for particles with initial inclination of 30 degrees. The calculations were performed for the electron energy range from 50 GeV to 1 TeV.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Advances and Space Researc

The GAMMA-400 space observatory: status and perspectives

The present design of the new space observatory GAMMA-400 is presented in this paper. The instrument has been designed for the optimal detection of gamma rays in a broad energy range (from ~100 MeV up to 3 TeV), with excellent angular and energy resolution. The observatory will also allow precise and high statistic studies of the electron component in the cosmic rays up to the multi TeV region, as well as protons and nuclei spectra up to the knee region. The GAMMA-400 observatory will allow to address a broad range of science topics, like search for signatures of dark matter, studies of Galactic and extragalactic gamma-ray sources, Galactic and extragalactic diffuse emission, gamma-ray bursts and charged cosmic rays acceleration and diffusion mechanism up to the knee