Effect of pregnancy-specific β1-glycoprotein on myeloid-derived suppressor cell differentiation

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous cell population that primarily suppress T lymphocytes in healthy pregnancies and pathologies. MDSCs are one of the key regulators of immune responses. Finding ways to control them is important for the treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases, miscarriage, and post-transplant complications. The mechanisms of immune suppression by MDSC are: expression of CD73, ADAM17, PD -L1, production of Arg 1, iNOS, IDO, IL -10 and TGF-b1.Pregnancy-specific b1-glycoprotein (PSG) has modulatory effects on dendritic cells and macrophages that mediate the shift of T cell phenotypes toward Th2 and Treg. We have previously shown that native PSG suppresses Th17 differentiation and cytokine production, stimulates the production of IDO by monocytes and the differentiation of Tregs.Considering the immunomodulatory properties of PSG and the key role of MDSCs in pathologies, the aim of our work was to investigate the effect of native and recombinant PSG on the differentiation of MDSCs in vitro.MDSCs were differentiated from CD11b+ peripheral blood cells. Cells were cultured for 7 days and received stepwise GM-CSF, IL-1b, and LPS. Native (n) (1; 10 and 100 mg/mL) and recombinant (r) (1 and 10 mg/mL) PSG were introduced into the cultures three days before the end of incubation. Flow cytometry was used to determine the percentage of MDSC among the cells in culture and the percentage of M-, PMN-, and e-MDSC among the total number of MDSCs.It was found that rPSG (1 mg/mL) increased the percentage of MDSCs in culture. Both nPSG (1 and 10 mg/mL) and rPSG (10 mg/mL) increased the proportion of M-MDSC, whereas rPSG (10 mg/mL) decreased the number of PMN-MDSC.Thus, the cytokine background in CD11b+ cell cultures favored the differentiation of predominantly M-MDSC, similar to the tumor microenvironment, whereas native and recombinant PSG enhanced this effect. Thus, nPSG and rPSG are able to modulate the differentiation of MDSCs by increasing their number, mainly due to the monocytic subpopulation. This fact opens perspectives for new research on targeted manipulation of MDSCs

Recovery of Biathlete Athletes when Using Kinesiology Exercises

Цель работы — выявление упражнений для повышения процессов восстановления у спортсменов‑биатлонистов. Как показал анализ литературы и личный опыт, травмы, мышечное перенапряжение отдельных групп мышц — нередкость среди биатлонистов. Исследование проводится на базе детской спортивной школы ВИР (отделение биатлона). В течение трех месяцев одна группа спортсменов выполняла комплекс кинезиотерапевтических упражнений, включенных в структуру тренировки. В начале эксперимента с испытуемыми были проведены тесты на аппарате Huber 360, а также проведены тесты на силу разных групп мышц, после чего были выявлены проблемы мышечного аппарата спортсменов. Регулярное выполнение упражнений и комплекса мероприятий, по нашему мнению, приведет к равновесию в тренировочном процессе упражнений для нагрузки и восстановления мышечной системы спортсменов‑биатлонистов.The aim of the work is to identify exercises to enhance the recovery processes of biathlete athletes. As the analysis of literature and personal experience has shown, injuries, muscle overstrain of individual muscle groups are not uncommon among biathletes. The study is conducted on the basis of the children’s sports school VIR biathlon department, for three months one group of athletes will perform a set of kinesiotherapy exercises included in the training structure. At the beginning of the experiment, tests were carried out with the subjects on the Huber 360 apparatus, as well as tests for the strength of different muscle groups were carried out, after which problems of the athletes’ muscular apparatus were identified. Regular performance of exercises and a set of measures, in our opinion, will lead to a balance in the training process of exercises for loading and restoring the muscular system of biathletes