Composite faces and Navon letters: Similar global Phenomena different processing mechanisms

The first data set is from a published paper by Fitousi: Fitousi, D. (2019). Global-to-local? Uncovering the temporal dynamics of the composite face illusion using distributional analyses. Frontiers in Psychology ,10, 2331, 1-17. The second data set is new and contains a replication of the classic experiment with Navon's figures (Navon, 1977). The two data sets were modeled with the linear ballistic accumulator model (Brown & Heathcote, 2008). The question of interest was whether global precedence phenomena are governed by similar mechanisms

A signal-detection-based confidence-similarity model of face-matching

The ability to match faces correctly is crucial for efficient face recognition. Face-matchingalso plays an important role in applied setting such as passport control and eyewitnessmemory. However, despite extensive research on face-matching the mechanisms thatgovern this task are still not well understood. Moreover, to-date, many researchers holdon to the belief that match and mismatch responses are governed by two separatesystems, an assumption that thwarted the development of a unified model. The presentstudy outlines a signal-detection-based model of face-matching performance. The modelcan explain a myriad of face-matching phenomena, including the match-mismatchdissociation. The model is also capable of generating new predictions concerning the roleof confidence and similarity and their intricate relations with accuracy, all within theconfines of a single system. The new model was tested against six alternative competitorsmodels (some postulate discrete rather than continuous representations) in threeexperiments. Data analyses consisted of hierarchically-nested model fitting, ROC curveanalyses, and calibration curves analyses. All of the analyses provided substantialsupport in the signal-detection-based confidence-similarity model

From global-to-local? Uncovering the temporal dynamics of the composite face illusion using distributional analyses

The data are the result of an experiment with composite faces. This is a standard composite face task in which a study and test composite faces are presented one after the other. The participant's task is to indicate whether the top half of the test and study faces are 'same' or 'different'. Both RTs and accuracy are measured

How facial aging affects perceived gender: Insights from maximum likelihood conjoint measurement

Conjoint measurement was used to investigate the joint influence of facial gender and facial age on perceived gender (Experiment 1) and perceived age (Experiment 2). A set of 25 faces were created, covarying independently five levels of gender (from very masculine to very feminine) and five levels of age (from very young to very old). Two independent groups of observers were presented with all possible pairs of faces from this set and compared which member of the pair appeared as more feminine (Experiment 1) or older (Experiment 2). Three nested models of the contribution of gender and age to judgment were fit to the data using maximum likelihood. The best fitting model of the three was decided by likelihood ratio tests. Both gender and age contributed to the perceived gender and age of the faces. For judgments of gender, an additive model was rejected in favor of a saturated model in which responses depended on the levels of gender and age. In particular, faces were perceived as less feminine as age increased, but this trend was more pronounced in feminine faces compared to androgynous or male faces. For judgments of age, an additive model was rejected in favor of a saturated model for only half of the observers. For the other half of observers, perceived age increased as the faces become more feminine. Taken together, the results entail that: (a) observers integrate facial gender and age information when judging either of the dimensions, and that (b) cues for masculinity and cues for aging are positively correlated. This correlation exerts stronger influence on female faces, and can explain the success of cosmetics in concealing signs of aging and exaggerating sexually dimorphic features

When two faces are not better than one: Serial Limited-Capacity Processing with Redundant-Target Faces

Many researchers believe that faces – whether presented alone or as part of an ensemble – are processed automatically. According to this idea: (a) the detection of single- or multiple- faces is resource-free and does not require allocation of attention, and (b) visual search for faces is held in parallel. The current study set to test these hypotheses directly. Participants performed in a redundant target detection task, responding according to the presence or absence of a face (or faces) on the display. We used a rigorous methodology known as the system factorial technology (SFT, Townsend & Nozawa, 1995), which afforded the simultaneous assessment of: (a) architecture (serial vs. parallel), (b) stopping rule (exhaustive vs. self-terminating), and (c) processing capacity (limited, unlimited, or supercapacity). SFT analyses on RT means and RT distributions pointed conclusively to a serial self-terminating architecture with limited-capacity. These findings cast serious doubts on the alleged automaticity of faces

From global-to-local? Uncovering the temporal dynamics of the composite face illusion using distributional analyses

The data are the result of an experiment with composite faces. This is a standard composite face task in which a study and test composite faces are presented one after the other. The participant's task is to indicate whether the top half of the test and study faces are 'same' or 'different'. Both RTs and accuracy are measured

Conjoint measurement of physical size and numerical magnitude: Direct evidence that numerals do not automatically activate their semantic magnitude

I applied the methodology known as maximum likelihood conjoint measurement (MLCM) to diagnose how numerical magnitude affects the perception of physical size of numerals in the size congruity effect (SCE). Traditional theories of the SCE argue for automatic activation of numerical magnitude, and therefore the obligatory interaction in perception between number and size. Participants in the current study were presented with pairs of numerals varying on physical size and numerical magnitude. They judged which member of the pair was physically larger, while ignoring numerical magnitude. Three nested models of the contribution of physical size and numerical magnitude to perceived size were fit to the data using maximum likelihood. The independent and additive observer models exhibited the best fit for the majority of observers. These results cast doubts on the view that numerical magnitude is activated automatically in judgments of physical size of numerals

Composite faces and Navon letters: Similar global Phenomena different processing mechanisms

The first data set is from a published paper by Fitousi: Fitousi, D. (2019). Global-to-local? Uncovering the temporal dynamics of the composite face illusion using distributional analyses. Frontiers in Psychology ,10, 2331, 1-17. The second data set is new and contains a replication of the classic experiment with Navon's figures (Navon, 1977). The two data sets were modeled with the linear ballistic accumulator model (Brown & Heathcote, 2008). The question of interest was whether global precedence phenomena are governed by similar mechanisms

A signal-detection-based confidence-similarity model of face-matching

Face-matching consists of the ability to decide whether two face-images (or more) belongto the same person or to different identities. Face-matching is crucial for efficient facerecognition, and plays an important role in applied setting such as passport control andeyewitness memory. However, despite extensive research, the mechanisms that governface-matching performance are still not well understood. Moreover, to-date, manyresearchers hold on to the belief that match and mismatch responses are governed by twoseparate systems, an assumption that likely thwarted the development of a unified modelof face-matching. The present study proposes a unified unequal variance confidencesimilarity signal-detection-based model of face-matching performance, one that facilitatesthe use of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and confidence-accuracy plotsanalyses to better understand the relations between match and mismatch responses, andtheir relations to factors of confidence and similarity. The model can account for thepresence of both within-identity and between-identity sources of variation in facerecognition, and explains a myriad of face-matching phenomena, including thematch-mismatch dissociation. The model is also capable of generating new predictionsconcerning the role of confidence and similarity and their intricate relations with accuracy.The new model was tested against six alternative competing models (some postulatediscrete rather than continuous representations) in three experiments. Data analysesconsisted of hierarchically-nested model fitting, ROC curve analyses, andconfidence-accuracy plots analyses. All of these provided substantial support in thesignal-detection-based confidence-similarity model. The model suggests that the accuracyof face-matching performance can be predicted by the degree of similarity/dissimilarity ofthe depicted faces and the level of confidence in the decision. Moreover, according to themodel confidence and similarity ratings are strongly correlated.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

What Causes Garner Interference? Toward a Sequential Feature Binding Account of the Effect

Garner interference is one of Psychology’s powerful effects for assessing selective attention.It has been successfully applied in numerous studies to investigate a large scope ofresearch questions. However, the processing mechanisms that give rise to Garnerinterference are still not well understood. The current study proposes a sequential featurebinding account of Garner interference that ascribes the interference solely to episodicfeature integration processes at the micro (trial-to-trial) level. The novel account buildson earlier well-established notions of ”feature integration” and ”object files”, and isaugmented by formal derivations. The sequential binding account can explain theemergence of Garner interference as well as a myriad of related Garner phenomena. Fourexperiments were performed with the aim of testing the sequential episodic bindingaccount. Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 used Munsell dimensions of chroma and value.Experiment 3 and Experiment 4 harnessed width and height of rectangles. The results ofall four experiments strongly supported the predictions of the sequential binding account:(a) Garner interference significantly decreased as a function of inter stimulus interval (ISI),a variable that has been shown to reduce binding strength, (b) binding effects (partialrepetition costs) were documented in filtering, and they decreased as a function of ISI, (c)the size of Garner interference was strongly correlated with the size of binding effect(partial repetition costs) in filtering, and (d) feature binding exceeded a critical quantitypredicted by the theory to be violated with integral (but not separable) dimensions.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV