Precedent and Justice

Precedent is the cornerstone of common law method. It is the core mechanism by which the common law reaches just outcomes. Through creation and application of precedent, common law seeks to produce justice. The appellate courts\u27 practice of issuing unpublished, non-precedential opinions has generated considerable discussion about the value of precedent, but that debate has centered on pragmatic and formalistic values. This essay argues that the practice of issuing non-precedential opinions does more than offend constitutional dictates and present pragmatic problems to the appellate system; abandoning precedent undermines justice itself. Issuance of the vast majority of decisions as nonprecedential tears the justice-seeking mechanism of precedent from the heart of our common law system

The Terroir of Swiss Cheese: A Temporal and Geomorphological Investigation of the Martian CO2 Sublimation Pits

Observations by NASA Mars Global Surveyor showed evidence of rough topography on the South Pole of Mars. The topography is the result of CO2 sublimation processes that occur through the changing seasons on the red planet. These sublimation areas are known to scientists as Swiss Cheese Features (SCF). SCF are erosional degradation pits that have been studied for over two decades. Studies show that these SCF increase in area over time, but these values are collected by hand on a per feature basis. Models for the pit evolution have also played a part in understanding these SCF. This work is time-intensive and can only produce results from relatively small selections of data. Current research lacks the ability to complete image pit object-based and multi-image measurements as well as simultaneously estimate areal statistics. This research investigated the use of object-based image analysis (OBIA) techniques on sublimation pits at high spatial resolution over large temporal domains. This was done using images acquired through the High-Resolution Imager and Science Experiment (HiRISE) onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). The approach was tested on selected pits and compared to previous work for stand-alone growth rates. The results of this investigation increase both our capacity to effectively study the CO2 pits as well as our knowledge of pit evolution as a factor of time with implications to understand the CO2 cycle on the Martian South Pole

The Terroir of Swiss Cheese: A Temporal and Geomorphological Investigation of the Martian CO2 Sublimation Pits

Observations by NASA Mars Global Surveyor showed evidence of rough topography on the South Pole of Mars. The topography is the result of CO2 sublimation processes that occur through the changing seasons on the red planet. These sublimation areas are known to scientists as Swiss Cheese Features (SCF). SCF are erosional degradation pits that have been studied for over two decades. Studies show that these SCF increase in area over time, but these values are collected by hand on a per feature basis. Models for the pit evolution have also played a part in understanding these SCF. This work is time-intensive and can only produce results from relatively small selections of data. Current research lacks the ability to complete image pit object-based and multi-image measurements as well as simultaneously estimate areal statistics. This research investigated the use of object-based image analysis (OBIA) techniques on sublimation pits at high spatial resolution over large temporal domains. This was done using images acquired through the High-Resolution Imager and Science Experiment (HiRISE) onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). The approach was tested on selected pits and compared to previous work for stand-alone growth rates. The results of this investigation increase both our capacity to effectively study the CO2 pits as well as our knowledge of pit evolution as a factor of time with implications to understand the CO2 cycle on the Martian South Pole

Reference manual for the Langley Research Center flight simulation computing system

The researchers at the Langley Research Center Flight Simulation Computing System are provided with an advanced real-time digital simulation capability. This capability is controlled at the user interface level by the Real Time Simulation Supervisor. The Supervisor is a group of subprograms loaded with a simulation application program. The Supervisor provides the interface between the application program and the operating system, and coordinates input and output to and from the simulation hardware. The Supervisor also performs various utility functions as required by a simulation application program

Spontaneous Amputation of the Arm

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Helicopter simulation validation using flight data

A joint NASA/Army effort to perform a systematic ground-based piloted simulation validation assessment is described. The best available mathematical model for the subject helicopter (UH-60A Black Hawk) was programmed for real-time operation. Flight data were obtained to validate the math model, and to develop models for the pilot control strategy while performing mission-type tasks. The validated math model is to be combined with motion and visual systems to perform ground based simulation. Comparisons of the control strategy obtained in flight with that obtained on the simulator are to be used as the basis for assessing the fidelity of the results obtained in the simulator

Effect of Feeding Distillers Grains and Supplementing with Dietary Antioxidants on Ground Beef Shelf Life and Fatty Acid Profile

Ground beef from cattle fed corn- based diets with no wet distillers grains, wet distillers grains plus solubles, wet distillers grains + 1000 IU/hd/d vitamin E, wet distillers grains + 150 ppm/hd/d, Ethoxyquin/ TBHQ (Agrado Plus, Novus International, St. Louis, MO), or wet distillers grains + 500 IU/hd/d vitamin E + 150 ppm/hd/d Ethoxyquin/ TBHQ during the finishing phase were compared to analyze lipid oxidation and fatty acid composition. All ground beef lipid oxidation (raw or cooked) increased over time. Raw beef samples from cattle supplemented vitamin E sustained lower TBARS values than corn aft er 2 d of simulated retail display. An increase in PUFA and C18:2 was observed in lean and composite fatty acids in WDGS versus corn finished cattle. Th e potential susceptibility to oxidation found by feeding distillers grains was counteracted by supplementation of Vitamin E in the diet

Investigation of DC-8 nacelle modifications to reduce fan-compressor noise in airport communities. Part 5 - Economic implications of retrofit Technical report, May 1967 - Oct. 1969

Economic impact of modifications to DC-8 aircraft nacelles to reduce fan-compressor noise - Part

CENP-A Is Dispensable for Mitotic Centromere Function after Initial Centromere/Kinetochore Assembly

Human centromeres are defined by chromatin containing the histone H3 variant CENP-A assembled onto repetitive alphoid DNA sequences. By inducing rapid, complete degradation of endogenous CENP-A, we now demonstrate that once the first steps of centromere assembly have been completed in G1/S, continued CENP-A binding is not required for maintaining kinetochore attachment to centromeres or for centromere function in the next mitosis. Degradation of CENP-A prior to kinetochore assembly is found to block deposition of CENP-C and CENP-N, but not CENP-T, thereby producing defective kinetochores and failure of chromosome segregation. Without the continuing presence of CENP-A, CENP-B binding to alphoid DNA sequences becomes essential to preserve anchoring of CENP-C and the kinetochore to each centromere. Thus, there is a reciprocal interdependency of CENP-A chromatin and the underlying repetitive centromere DNA sequences bound by CENP-B in the maintenance of human chromosome segregation